VAST_v3.0_FINAL_07-19-2012

VIDEO AD SERVING TEMPLATE

(VAST)

VERSION 3.0

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• Payam Shodjai, Google/YouTube

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Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 6!

Intended Audience .................................................................................................................. 6!

IAB Video Guidelines .............................................................................................................. 7!

Updates in VAST 3.0 ............................................................................................................... 7!

1! General Overview ............................................................ 8!

1.1! How VAST Works .......................................................................................................... 9!

1.2! Ad Types Supported by VAST ..................................................................................... 11!

1.2.1! Linear Ads ................................................................................................................... 11!

1.2.2! Companion Ads .......................................................................................................... 11!

1.2.3! Nonlinear Ads ............................................................................................................. 12!

1.2.4! Ad Pods ....................................................................................................................... 12!

1.3! What VAST is Not ........................................................................................................ 12!

2! VAST Implementation Details .......................................... 13!

2.1! Compliance ................................................................................................................. 13!

2.1.1! Ad Server .................................................................................................................... 13!

2.1.2! Video Player ............................................................................................................... 13!

2.1.2.1! Requesting VAST Ad Format ................................................................................................. 14!

2.1.2.2! Imposing VAST Structure ....................................................................................................... 14!

2.1.3! VAST Format Compliance ........................................................................................... 14!

2.1.4! Minimal Compliance ................................................................................................... 15!

2.1.5! Browser Security for Flash™ and JavaScript™ ............................................................. 15!

2.1.5.1! crossdomain.xml for Flash ..................................................................................................... 15!

2.1.5.2! Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) for JavaScript ...................................................... 16!

2.1.6! XML Namespace ......................................................................................................... 16!

2.2! General VAST Document Structure .............................................................................. 16!

2.2.1! Declaring the VAST response ...................................................................................... 16!

2.2.2! The Root <Ad> Element ............................................................................................... 17!

2.2.2.1! Ad Attributes .......................................................................................................................... 18!

2.2.2.2! Ad Structure ........................................................................................................................... 18!

2.2.3! The <Wrapper> Element ............................................................................................. 18!

2.2.4! The <InLine> Element ................................................................................................... 18!

2.2.4.1! Required InLine Elements ....................................................................................................... 18!

2.2.4.2! Optional InLine Elements ....................................................................................................... 19!

2.2.5! VAST Tracking ............................................................................................................. 20!

2.2.5.1! Summary of VAST Tracking Elements ................................................................................... 20!

2.2.5.2! ClickThrough and ClickTracking Elements ........................................................................... 21!

2.2.5.3! The <Impression> Element ..................................................................................................... 23!

2.2.5.4! Impression vs. “Start” Event .................................................................................................. 23!

2.2.5.5! Multiple Impressions .............................................................................................................. 23!

2.2.5.6! Tracking Records for Multiple Parties ................................................................................... 24!

2.2.6! The <Creatives> Element ............................................................................................. 24!

2.2.6.1! Creative Attributes ................................................................................................................. 25!

2.2.6.2! VAST Example: Linear with Companions ............................................................................. 26!

2.2.6.3! Creative Extensions ............................................................................................................... 26!

2.3! VAST Requirements by Compliance Format ................................................................. 27!

2.3.1! Linear Ad Format ........................................................................................................ 28!

2.3.1.1! Linear Elements ...................................................................................................................... 28!

2.3.1.2! The <Duration> Element ........................................................................................................ 29!

2.3.1.3! The <MediaFiles> Element .................................................................................................... 29!

2.3.1.4! Media File Attributes ............................................................................................................. 30!

2.3.1.5! Using Static Image Media Files for Linear Creative ............................................................ 30!

2.3.1.6! The Optional <VideoClicks> Element ................................................................................... 31!

2.3.1.7! Tracking Linear Creative ........................................................................................................ 31!

2.3.1.8! Multiple Tracking Events of the Same Type ......................................................................... 33!

2.3.1.9! Executable Media Files ......................................................................................................... 34!

2.3.1.10! The Optional <AdParameters> Element ............................................................................. 34!

2.3.2! Skippable Linear Creative ........................................................................................... 35!

2.3.2.1! Skipoffset Attribute ................................................................................................................. 35!

2.3.2.2! Skip Event ............................................................................................................................... 36!

2.3.2.3! Progress Event ........................................................................................................................ 36!

2.3.3! Companion Ad Format ................................................................................................ 37!

2.3.3.1! Companion Ad Structure ....................................................................................................... 38!

2.3.3.2! Companion Resource Elements ............................................................................................ 38!

2.3.3.3! Other Companion Elements .................................................................................................. 40!

2.3.3.4! The “required” Attribute for CompanionAds ....................................................................... 40!

2.3.3.5! Companion Attributes ............................................................................................................ 40!

2.3.3.6! The Optional adSlotID Attribute for <Companion> ............................................................ 41!

2.3.3.7! Tracking Details ..................................................................................................................... 41!

2.3.4! NonLinear Ad Format ................................................................................................. 42!

2.3.4.1! NonLinear Resource Elements .............................................................................................. 42!

2.3.4.2! Other NonLinear Elements .................................................................................................... 43!

2.3.4.3! NonLinear Attributes .............................................................................................................. 43!

2.3.4.4! Executable Media Files ......................................................................................................... 44!

2.3.4.5! Tracking NonLinear Creative ................................................................................................ 44!

2.3.5! Ad Pods ....................................................................................................................... 46!

2.3.5.1! Ad Pods and Stand-Alone Ads ............................................................................................. 46!

2.3.5.2! Playing a Pod of Ads ............................................................................................................. 47!

2.3.5.3! Ad Pod Example .................................................................................................................... 47!

2.4! General VAST Requirements ....................................................................................... 48!

2.4.1! Using VAST Wrapper Ads for Ad Server Redirects ..................................................... 48!

2.4.1.1! General Wrapper Structure .................................................................................................. 48!

2.4.1.2! Wrapper Chain and Multiple Ad Management Using Attributes ...................................... 49!

2.4.1.3! Wrapper Creative ................................................................................................................. 50!

2.4.1.4! Linear Creative Format within a Wrapper ........................................................................... 50!

2.4.1.5! NonLinear Creative Format within a Wrapper .................................................................... 51!

2.4.1.6! Companion Creative Format in Wrapper Ads .................................................................... 52!

2.4.1.7! Wrapper Conflict Management and Precedence ............................................................... 53!

2.4.2! Error Reporting ........................................................................................................... 53!

2.4.2.1! Ad Server Details: <Error> Element ...................................................................................... 53!

2.4.2.2! Video Player Details .............................................................................................................. 54!

2.4.2.3! VAST Error Codes Table ....................................................................................................... 54!

2.4.2.4! No Ad Response ................................................................................................................... 56!

2.4.3! Industry Icon Support .................................................................................................. 56!

2.4.3.1! Icon Use Case: AdChoices for Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) .............................. 56!

2.4.3.2! The <Icons> Element .............................................................................................................. 56!

2.4.3.3! Attributes for the <Icon> Element .......................................................................................... 57!

2.4.3.4! Structure of the <Icons> Element .......................................................................................... 58!

2.4.3.5! Icon Clicks and Tracking ....................................................................................................... 59!

2.4.3.6! Precedence and Conflict Management: .............................................................................. 60!

2.4.3.7! Icons in NonLinear and Companion Ads ............................................................................. 60!

2.4.4! Macros ........................................................................................................................ 61!

3! Supporting Other Initiatives in VAST ............................... 62!

3.1! Implementing Playlists with VMAP ............................................................................... 62!

3.2! VAST and the Impression Exchange Solution (IES) ...................................................... 63!

4! Testing Protocols ............................................................. 64!

4.1! Testing Protocols for Video Players .............................................................................. 64!

4.2! Testing Protocols for Ad Servers .................................................................................. 64!

5! Migration from VAST 2.0 to 3.0 ....................................... 65!

6! Human Readable VAST XML Schema .............................. 67!

7! VAST Terminology .......................................................... 70!

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Executive Summary

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IAB Video Guidelines

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• Video Ad Measurement Guidelines (VAMG): Outlines how events should be tracked.

• Video Ad Serving Template (VAST): Enables the common structure of a video ad response sent

from an ad server to a video player.

• Video Player Ad Interface Definition (VPAID): Establishes the communication protocol

between an interactive ad and the video player that is rendering it.

• Video Multi Ads Playlist (VMAP): Enable a structure for a playlist of video ads sent from an ad

server to a video player.

• Digital Video Ad Format Guidelines and Best Practices: Outlines the general format and

best practices that video ads should adhere to for the best advertising experience.

• Digital Video In-Stream Ad Metrics Definitions: Defines industry-accepted metrics for

measuring video ad effectiveness.

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Updates in VAST 3.0

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• NonLinear Wrapper Change: NonLinear resource files are not needed in a Wrapper VAST

response. VAST 3.0 clarifies the difference between an InLine NonLinear creative and a Wrapper

NonLinear creative. Only tracking elements are relevant for a Wrapper NonLinear.

• Compliance Formats: VAST supports five different ad formats. Publishers don’t need to support all

five models to be compliant with VAST 3.0. In VAST 3.0 video content publishers can declare support

for one or more VAST ad formats while maintaining minimal guidelines for compliance.

• Support for Ad Pods: Using a sequence attribute on the <Ad> element, you can format a VAST

response that groups multiple ads into a sequential pod of ads.

• Support for Skippable Linear Ads: An optional ad-serving model for ads that viewers can skip

enables publishers to support a business model in which publishers and advertisers can negotiate

billing based on ads that play all the way through.

• Support for in-ads privacy notice: When multiple ad servers are involved in video advertising,

displaying an in-ads privacy notice to support Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) Self-Regulation can

be difficult. VAST 3.0 shares best practice guidelines for handling in-ads privacy notices.

• Better error reporting: An improved list of error codes enables video players to report more

specific details when ads don’t serve properly. The resulting troubleshooting data can help improve

video advertising technology over time.

• More tracking events: Some tracking events and attributes have been added to provide more

details about served ads and to support new ad formats such as Skippable Ads.

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• New VAST 3.0 players will continue to render VAST 2.0 ads and also support full backwards

compatibility (to the extent possible) of future VAST versions.

• Video players that understand VAST 2.0 can display VAST 3.0 ads, if they relax their schema and

version checks and do not fail on unknown attributes or elements.

• VAST 2.0 Wrappers can point to VAST 3.0 responses and VAST 3.0 Wrappers can point to VAST 2.0

responses.

• VAST 1.0 is deprecated, meaning that the IAB no longer supports it.

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1 General Overview

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• Video players in web pages

• Video players in mobile-optimized web pages

• Video players in mobile applications

• Video players in Internet-connected TVs

• Video playback through IPTV or other set-top-box environments

1.1 How VAST Works

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1. VAST Request: The video player makes a call to the ad server for a VAST response.

2. VAST Inline Response: The ad server responds with a VAST Inline response that contains all the

media files and tracking URIs required to display and track the ad.

3. Tracking URIs Pinged: The video player requests tracking resources from the tracking URIs

provided when associated events occur in the ad.

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1. VAST Request: The video player sends a request to the primary ad server.

2. VAST Redirect: During campaign set up, the advertising party (possibly an agency or network)

sends a VAST Wrapper response identifying resources from a secondary ad server. The following

example provides an excerpt of a VAST Wrapper response:

<VAST> <Ad> <Wrapper> …

http://SecondaryAdServer.vast.tag

</VASTAdTagURI>

…</Wrapper> </Ad> </VAST>

3. VAST Request: After parsing the VAST response, the video player sends a request to the secondary

ad server using the URI provided in the primary VAST response from step 2.

4. VAST Inline Response: The secondary ad server sends a VAST response containing all the

necessary details for the ad to be displayed. The example below shows the outlining VAST elements

used for the inline response:

…

</InLine> </Ad> </VAST>

5. Tracking URIs Pinged: Upon triggering specified events for the ad, each of the ad servers are

notified using the tracking URIs provided.

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1.2 Ad Types Supported by VAST

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1.2.1 Linear Ads

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1.2.2 Companion Ads

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1.2.3 Nonlinear Ads

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1.2.4 Ad Pods

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1.3 What VAST is Not

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2 VAST Implementation Details

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2.1 Compliance

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2.1.1 Ad Server

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2.1.2 Video Player

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• Rendering the ad asset(s) correctly

• Respecting ad server instructions in a VAST response including those of any subsequent ad servers

called in a chain of VAST wrapper responses, providing the responses are VAST-compliant

• Responding to supported user-interactions

• Sending appropriate tracking information back to the ad server

• Supporting XML conventions such as standard comment syntax (i.e. acknowledge VAST comments in

the standard XML syntax: )

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2.1.2.1 Requesting VAST Ad Format

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2.1.2.2 Imposing VAST Structure

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>()&7!7)f#&7);) 9>' /!>()9 !>()!'< &7&>!4B!>()!A74 ''d<%=>B47;!8&*)4!=*!*)%&8)7,!>(=>!3562!4BB)7'!&'!%4'>E!!

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8&*)4!>,<)!>(=>!;))>'!7)f#&7);)9>'!B47!=!8=7&)>,!4B!8&*)4!<%=,)7'E!V=A(!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!>()9!<=7')!>()!

3562!7)'<49')!B47!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!>(=>!;))>'!"#$%&'()7!7)f#&7);)9>'E!6#A(!=!3562!7)'<49')!A=9!$)!

')78)*!=A74''!;#%>&<%)!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!C&>(4#>!;4* &B&A=>&49E!

HB/!(4C) 8) 7/!= !< # $ %&' ( ) 7!'> &< # %= >) '!> ( => !=!3562!=* !> =: !A49>=&9!] QTY!>() !)%) ;)9>'!>( = >!= 7) !7) %) 8= 9 >!>4!&>'!

7)f#&7);) 9>'!?&E)E!49 %,!49 )!; ) *&= !B&%)!>(=>!; ) )>'!&>'!7)f #&7);)9>'@/!>()9!>() !35 62 !7)'<4 9 ')!A= 9!49 %,!$) !

')78)*!>4!>(=>!<#$%&'()7!?=9*!=9,!4>()7'!>(=>!(= << )9 !>4!(= 8) !>()!)R =A>!'= ; )!7)f #&7) ; )9 >'@E!!

T&;&>&9:!=9!=*!')78)7c'!=$&%&>,!>4!A7)=>)!*,9=;&A!3562!7)'<49')'!C&>(!*)>=&%'!>(=>!;))>!=!C&*)!7=9:)!4B!

7)f#&7);) 9>'!:7)=>%,!%&;&>'!>()!$)9)B&>'!>(=>!3562!C='!*)'&:9)*!>4!4BB)7E!J(&%)!3562!:#&*)%&9)'!*49c>!

7)'>7&A>!<#$%&'()7'!B74 ; !&; <4 '&9: !'<) A&B&A!35 62 !'>7#A># 7)/!>(&'!< 7=A>&A) !&'!94>!7) A4;;)9* )* E!H9'>)= */!

<#$%&'()7'!'(4#%*!A49'&*)7!=AA)<>&9:!=9,!3562!7)'<49')!A49>=&9&9:!=*!&9B47;=>&49!>(=>!;))>'!

7)f#&7);) 9>'!= 9* !&:94 7&9:!= 9,!* )>= &%'!94>!'# << 47>) *E!

2.1.3 VAST Format Compliance

3562!A48)7'!')8)7=%!*&'>&9A>!8&*)4!=*!B47;=>'/!$#>!=*!')78&9:!=9*!8&*)4!<#$%&'()7!47:=9&e=>&49'!;=,!94>!

C=9>!>4!'#<<47>!=%%!B47;=>'E!W47!)R=;<%)/!'4;)!8)9*47'!;=,!A(44')!>4!')78)!49%,!T&9)=7!=*'!C&>(!

S4;<=9&49'E!T&F)C&' )/!'4;)!<#$%&'()7'!;=,!49%,!C=9>!>4!'# << 47>!Q49T&9)=7!=*'!&9!>()&7!8&*)4!<%=,)7'E!!

H9!3562 !D E1 /!B&8 )!8 &* ) 4 != * !B4 7;=>'!=7)!'<)A&B&)*!'4!>(=>!8&*)4d=*8)7>&'&9:!47:=9&e=>&49'!;=,!$)!A4;<%&=9>!

C&>(!3562!C(&%)!49%,!'#<<47>&9:!=!')%)A>)*!'#$')>!4B!>()!=*!B47;=>'E!!

2()!3562!A4;<%&=9A)!B47;=>'!=7)!='!B4%%4C'L!

1. Linear Ads

2. NonLinear Ads

3. Companion Ads

4. Skippable Linear Ads

5. Ad Pods

5!A4;<=9,!C&'(&9:!>4!*&'<%=,!H5Ic'!')=%!B47!3562!A4;<%&=9A)!;#'>!*)A%=7)!C(&A(!4B!>()!B&8)!=*!B47;=>'!

>()&7!>)A(94%4: ,!'#< <4 7>'E!!

F+,+<.1!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

H5I!3"5HU!=9*!3P5"!'<)A'!=7)!)RA%#*)*!B74;!>()!%&'>!4B!B47;=>!A4;<%&=9A)!$)A=#')!$4>(!

'<)A'!=7)!&9*)<)9*)9>!4B!)=A(!4>()7!=9*!4B!3562E!S4;<%&=9A)!C&>(!49)!'<)A!*4 )'!94>!

&;<%,!A4;<%&=9A)!C&>(!=9,!4B !>( )!4 > () 7!' < )A 'E!S 4 ;<%&=9A)!B4 7!) &>( ) 7!'< ) A!;#'>!$)!

')<=7=>)%,!*)A%=7)*E!

2.1.4 Minimal Compliance

H9!=**&> &4 9 /!7) := 7*%)''!4B!C ( &A (!3562!B47;=>'!=!A4;<=9,!*)A%=7)'!>4!A4;<%,!C&>(/!=%%!=* !') 7 8 ) 7' != 9 * !

8&*)4!<%=,)7'!;#'>!A4;<%,!C&>(!=!$74=*!')>!4B!:)9)7=%!3562!B#9A>&49=%&>,!>(=>!=<<%&)'!=A74''!=%%!

A=>):47&)'/!&9A%#*&9:!>()!B4%%4C&9 :L !

1. Inline and Wrapper Ads (to support multiple ad-serving vendors)

2. Tracking Events

3. Error Reporting

4. Industry Icons (such as for in-ads notice supporting OBA self-regulation)

J()9!C47F&9:!C&>(!=9,!3562!A4;<%&=9>!>)A(94%4:,/!=!A4;<=9,!'(4#%*!$)!=$%)!>4!)R<)A>!>(=>!=%%!4B!>()!

=$48)!:)9)7=%!B#9A>&49=%&>,!&'!'#<<47>)*E!

2.1.5 Browser Security for Flash™ and JavaScript™

P4*)79!$74C')7'!7)'>7&A>!5*4$)!W%='(!=9*!+=8=6A7&<>!7#9>&;)!)98&749;)9>'!B74;!7)>7&)8&9:!*=>=!B74;!

4>()7!')78)7'E!6&9A)!>,<&A=%!3562!7)'<49')'!A4;)!B74;!4>()7!')78)7'/!;)='#7)'!;#'>!$)!>=F)9!B47!)=A(L!

2.1.5.1 crossdomain.xml for Flash

24!)9=$%)!W%='(!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!>4!=AA)<>!=!3562!7)'<49')/!=*!')78)7'!;#'>!<748&*)!=!A74''*4;=&9ER;%!B&%)!

=>!>()&7!744>!Z22"!*4;=&9E!W47!)R=;<%)/!=*')78)7EA4;!'(4#%*!<748&*)!>()!B&%)!='!B4%%4C'L!

http://adserver.com/crossdomain.xml

W%='(!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!F94C!>4!A()AF!>()!744>!*4;=&9!4B!=9,!')78)7!>(=>!')9*'!&>!*=>=E!

2()!R;%!&'!=!'&;<%)!B&%)!>(=>!&9A%#*)'!>()!B4%%4C&9:L!

<cross-domain-policy>

<allow-access-from domain=”*”>

<cross-domain-policy>

2()!='>)7&'F'!?k@!8=%#)!B47!>()!*4;=&9!=>>7&$#>)!)9=$%)'!=9,!W%='(!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!=AA)<>!*=>=!B74;!>()!

')78)7!<748&*&9:!>()!A74''*4;=&9ER; %!B&%)E!

W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49/!8&'&>!(>><LMMF$0E=*4$)EA4;MA<'M-G0M>9b-G0-DE(>;%!

! !

2.1.5.2 Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) for JavaScript

H9!47*) 7!B4 7 !+= 8= 6A 7&< > !8&* ) 4 !< %= , )7 '!>4!=AA)<> !=!3 562!7)'< 4 9 ' )/!= * !' )7 8) 7' !;#'>!&9A%# * ) != !S ] O 6 !( ) = * )7 !

&9!>()!(>> < !B&%) !>( = >!C 7= < ' !>( )!3562!7)' < 4 9' ) E!2 () !S ] O 6 !( ) =* ) 7!;#'>!$)!B 47 ; = >> ) *!= ' !B4 %%4 C 'L!

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: <origin header value>

Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

2()')!Z22"!()=*)7'!=%%4C!=9!=*'!<%=,)7!49!=9,!47&:&9!>4!7)=*!>()!3562!7)'<49')!B74;!>()!=*!')78)7!

47&:&9E!2()!8=%#)!4B!Access-Control-Allow-Origin!'( 4#%*!$)!>()!8=%#)!4B!>()!Origin!()=*)7!')9>!

C&>(!>()!=*!7)f#)'>E!

6)>>&9:!>()!Access-Control-Allow-Credentials!()=*)7!>4!true!C&%%!)9'#7)!>(=>!A44F&)'!C&%%!$)!

')9>!=9*!7)A)&8)*!<74<)7%,E!

W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49/!8&'&>!(>><LMMCCCECDE47:M2OMA47'!!

2.1.6 XML Namespace

J()9)8)7!3562!&'!#')*!&9!A49i#9A>&4 9!C &>( !=9, !4>() 7!^P T !>); < %=>)/!'# A(!= '!C&>( !3P5"!47!356 2!

)R>)9'&49'/!=!9=;)'<=A)!'(4#%*!$)!*)A%=7)*!B47!)=A(!'4!>(=>!>()!)%);)9>'!4B!49)!=7)!94>!A49B#')*!C&>(!

>()!)%);)9 >'!4B!=9 4>( )7E!

W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49/!8&'&>L!(>><LMMCCCECDE47:M2OMOVSdR;%d9=;)'M!!

2.2 General VAST Document Structure

5!3562dA4;<%&=9>!=*!7)'<49')!&'!=!C)%%dB47;)* !^P T !*4 A#;)9>/!A4;< %&=9 >!C&>( !^PT!-E1!'4!>( =>!

'>=9*=7*!^PT!7)f#&7); )9>'!'#A(!='!A(=7=A>)7!)9>&>&)'!=9*!!'(4 #%*!$)!(49 47)* E!

H>!;#'>!= %' 4 !< = '' !=!' A();=!A()AF!=:= &9 '> !>( ) !3 5 6 2 !DE 1!^ PT!6A( );=!U)B&9 &> &4 9 !?^ 6U@!>(=>!&'!* &' >7&$#>)*!&9 !

A49i#9A>&49!C&>(!>(&'!*4A#;)9>E!T='>%,/!&>!;#'>!A49B47;!>4!A)7>=&9!=**&>&49=%!*)<)9*)9A&)'!>(=>!A=994>!

$)!)R<7)'')*!&9!>()!3562!DE1!^6UE!2()')!*)<)9*)9A&)'!=7)!4#>%&9)*!&9!>(&'!')A>&49!=9*!B#7>()7!*)'A7&$)*!

>(74#:(4# >!>(&'!*4 A# ; )9 >E!!

2.2.1 Declaring the VAST response

5%%!3562!7)'<49')'!'(=7)!>()!'=;)!:)9)7=%!'>7#A>#7)E!V=A(!3562!7)'<49')!&'!*)A%=7)*!C&>(!<VAST>!='!&>'!

>4<;4'>!)%);)9>!=%49:!C&>(!>()!version!=>>7&$#>)!&9*&A=>&9:!>()!4BB&A&=%!8)7'&49!C&>(!C(&A(!>()!

7)'<49')!&'!A4;<%&=9>E!W47!)R=;<%)/!=!3562 !DE1!7)'< 49 ')!&'!*) A%=7) *!= '!B4%%4C 'L!

5'!C&>(!=%%!^PT!*4A#;)9>'/!)=A(!)%);)9>!;#'>!$)!A%4')*!=B>)7!*)>=&%'!9)'>)*!C&>(&9!>()!)%);)9>!=7)!

<748&*)*E!2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!&'!=!3562!7)'<49')!C&>(!49)!9)'>)*!<Ad>!)%);)9>E!!

<Ad>

</Ad>

</VAST>

2.2.2 The Root <Ad> Element

J&>(&9!>()!<VAST>!)%);)9>!=7)!49)!47!;47)!<Ad>!)%);)9>'E!5*8)7>&')7'!=9*!8&*)4!A49>)9>!<#$%&'()7'!

;=,!=''4A&=>)!=9!<Ad>!)%);)9>!C&>(!=!%&9)!&>);!8&*)4!=*!*)B&9)*!&9!A49>7=A>!*4A#;)9>=>&49/!#'#=%%,!=9!

&9')7>&49 !4 7* )7 E!2 () ' )!%&9 ) !&>) ;!=*'!>,<&A=%%,!'<)A&B,!>()!A7)=>&8)!>4!*&'<%=,/!<7&A)/!*)%&8)7,!'A()*#%)/!

>=7:)>&9:/!=9*!'4!4 9E!!

H9!3562 /!= 9 !<Ad>!)%); )9>!A49>=&9'!=%%!4B!>()!&9B47;=>&49!9)A)''=7,!B47!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!*&'<%=,!=9*!

>7=AF!>()!5*!A7)=>&8)/!=9* !4 B >) 9 !;=<'!$ = A F !>4 !> ( ) !%&9 ) !& >) ;!B47!>()!8&* )4 !=*!&9!= !A49 >7=A>!$ )>C )) 9!

<=7>&)'E!J(&%)!>(&'!=''4A&=>&49!4 B!>()!3 56 2!<Ad>!)%); )9>!C&>(!=!%&9)!&>);!&9!=!A49>7=A>!&'!A4;;49 /!&>c'!

94>!=%C=,'!>()!A=')E!O):=7*%)''!4B!(4C!A49>7=A>'!*)B&9)!=9!=*/!3562!*)B&9)'!=*'!&9!=!8)7,!'>7#A>#7=%!C=,!

='!*)'A7&$)*!&9!>()!B4%%4C&9:!')A>&49'E!

5!3562!7)'<49')!;=,!4BB)7!;#%>&<%)!=*'E!5!'&9:%)!<Ad>!)%);)9>!&'!;4'>!A4;;49/!=9*!7)<7)')9>'!>()!

A=')!C()7)!49%,!=!'&9:%)!=*!&'!>4!$)!*&'<%=,)*!$,!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7E!I)B47)!3562!DE1/!49%,!>()!'&9:%)!=*!

A=')!C='!A49'&*)7)*!&9!*)8)%4<&9:!:#&*)%&9)'E!Q4C/!>C4!4>()7!7)'<49')'!=7)!<4''&$%)E!2()!B4%%4C&9:!

*&=:7=;!&%%#'>7=>)'!( 4 C !>( ) !<Ad>! )%); )9>!;=,!$)!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!=!3562!7)'<49')E!

H9>74*# A ) * !&9 !3 5 6 2 !DE 1!&' !>( ) !sequence!=>>7&$#>)!B47!5*'E!2 ( )!' )f # )9 A )!= >>7&$ # >) /!7) < 7) ' ) 9 > ) * !&9 !>()!

>C4!*&=:7=; '!49 !>() !7&:(>!&9!>() !B&:#7)!= $4 8)/!)9 =$%)'!=*!')78)7'!>4!')78)!;#%>&<%)!=*'!='!=9!5*!"4*!>4!

$)!<%=,)*!&9!')f#)9A)!='!&9*&A=>)*!$,!')f#)9A)!8=%#)'E!!

5!"4*!;=,!$)!')78)*!C&>(!4>()7!=*'!C&>(4#>!')f#)9A)!8=%#)'/!C(&A(!=7)!)RA%#*)*!B74;!>()!"4*E!2()')!

'>=9*d=%49)!=*'!;=,!$)!A49'&*)7)*!<=7>!4B!=9!=*!$#BB)>/!7)<7)')9>) * !&9 !> ( ) !* &= : 7= ;!49!>( ) !7 &: ( >/! B74 ; !

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7)'<49')/!>()!8&* )4 !<%=, )7!&'!4 9 %,!7 )f # &7) * !>4 !' #< < 4 7> !; # %> &<%) != * !<%=,$=AF'!&B!&>!(='!* ) A %=7) * !>( = >!&> !

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9$&+'!J1.3+<!

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5!'<)A&=%!)R);<>&49!)R&'>'!C()9!#'&9:!3P5"E!"%)=')!'))!')A>&49!DE-!B47!&9B47;=>&49 !4 9!

3P5"E!

! !

2.2.2.1 Ad Attributes

2C4!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!=8=&%=$%)!B47!>()!m5*n!)%;)9>L!

• id: an ad server-defined identifier string for the ad

• sequence: a number greater than zero (0) that identifies the sequence in which an ad should play; all

<Ad> elements with sequence values are part of a pod and are intended to be played in sequence

2.2.2.2 Ad Structure

V=A(!<Ad>!A49>=&9'!=!'&9:%)!<InLine>!)%);)9>!47!<Wrapper>!)%);)9>!?$#>!9)8)7!$4>(@!='!&%%#'>7=>)*!

&9!>()!B4%%4 C&9:!*&=: 7= ;E!

2.2.3 The <Wrapper> Element

2()!<Wrapper>!)%);)9>!A49>=&9'!=!\OH!7)B)7)9A)!>4!=!8)9*47!=* !')78) 7!?4B>) 9!A= %%)*!=!>( &7*!<= 7>,!=* !

')78)7@E!2()!*)'>&9=>&49!=*!')78)7!)&>()7!<748&*)'!>()!=*!B&%)'!C&>(&9!=!3562!<InLine>!=*!)%);)9>!47!

;=,!<748&*)!=!')A49*=7,!J7=<<)7!=*/!<4&9>&9 : !>4 !, ) >!= 9 4>()7!=* !' ) 78 ) 7 E!V 8 ) 9 ># = %% ,/!> ( ) !B& 9 =%!= * !') 78 ) 7!

&9!>()!=* !'# < < %, !A( = &9!;#'>!A4 9 >= &9!= %%!> () !9 ) A) '' = 7,!B &%)' !9 )) * ) * !>4 !* &'< %= ,!> () != * E!6) ) !') A >&4 9 !0EGE-!B47!

;47)!*)>=&%'!49!J7=<<)7!=*'E!

2.2.4 The <InLine> Element

2()!%='>!=*!')78)7!&9!>()!=*!'#<<%,!A(=&9!')78)'!=9!<InLine>!)%);)9>E!J&>(&9!>()!9)'>)*!)%);)9>'!4B!

=9!<InLine>!)%);)9>!=7)!=%%!>()!B&%)'!=9*!\OH'!9)A)''=7,!>4!*&'<%=,!>()!=*E!!

2.2.4.1 Required InLine Elements

S49>=&9)*!*&7)A>%,!C&>(&9!>()!<InLine>!)%);)9>!=7)!>()!B4%%4C&9:!7)f#&7)*!)%);)9>'L!

• <AdSystem>: the name of the ad server that returned the ad

• <AdTitle>: the common name of the ad

• <Impression>: a URI that directs the video player to a tracking resource file that the video player

should request when the first frame of the ad is displayed

• <Creatives>: the container for one or more <Creative> elements

2(#'!B=7/!>()!3562!7)'<49')!'>7#A>#7)!A=9!$)!7)<7)')9>)*!='!B4%%4C'L!

2.2.4.2 Optional InLine Elements

2()!B4%%4C&9:!;=,!=%'4!$)!A49>=&9)*!C&>(&9!>()!<InLine>!)%);)9>/!$#>!>()')!)%);)9>'!=7)!4<>&49=%L!

• <Description>: a string value that provides a longer description of the ad.

• <Advertiser>: the name of the advertiser as defined by the ad serving party. This element can be

used to prevent displaying ads with advertiser competitors. Ad serving parties and publishers should

identify how to interpret values provided within this element. As with any optional elements, the video

player is not required to support it.

• <Survey>: a URI to a survey vendor that could be the survey, a tracking pixel, or anything to do with

the survey. Multiple survey elements can be provided. A type attribute is available to specify the MIME

type being served. For example, the attribute might be set to type=”text/javascript”. Surveys

can be dynamically inserted into the VAST response as long as cross-domain issues are avoided.

• <Error>: a URI representing an error-tracking pixel; this element can occur multiple times. Errors are

defined in section 2.4.2.3.

• <Pricing>: provides a value that represents a price that can be used by real-time bidding (RTB)

systems. VAST is not designed to handle RTB since other methods exist, but this element is offered for

custom solutions if needed. If used, the following two attributes must be identified:

o model: identifies the pricing model as one of “CPM”, “CPC”, “CPE”, or “CPV”.

o currency: the 3-letter ISO-4217 currency symbol that identifies the currency of the value

provided (i.e. USD, GBP, etc.…)

If the value provided is to be obfuscated/encoded, publishers and advertisers must negotiate the

appropriate mechanism to do so. When included as part of a VAST Wrapper in a chain of Wrappers,

only the value offered in the first Wrapper need be considered.

• <Extensions>: XML node for custom extensions, as defined by the ad server. When used, a custom

element should be nested under <Extensions> to help separate custom XML elements from VAST

elements. The following example includes a custom xml element within the Extensions element.

2.2.5 VAST Tracking

27=AF&9:!=9!=*!')78)*!&9!3562!B47;=>!&'!*49)!#'&9:!=!A4%%)A>&49!4B!3562!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'!=>!*&BB)7)9>!

%)8)%'!&9!>( ) !3 5 6 2!7 )' < 4 9' ) E!2 () ' )!> 7= AF &9: !) %) ; ) 9 >' !) =A ( !A4 9 >= &9 != !\ O H!>4 != !7)' 4 # 7A) !B&%) !47!%4A=>&49!49!

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2.2.5.1 Summary of VAST Tracking Elements

2()!B4%%4C&9:!%&'>!4B!3562!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'!'#;;=7&e)'!>7=AF&9:!4<>&49'!4BB)7)*!=>!)=A(!%)8)%!&9!3562E!

<VAST> Tracking Elements

• <Error> contains a URI to a tracking resource that the video player should request upon receiving a

“no ad” response

<InLine> and <Wrapper> Tracking Elements

• <Error> contains a URI to a tracking resource that the video player should request if for some reason

the InLine ad could not be served

• <Impression> contains a URI to a tracking resource that the video player should request when the

ad “impression” metric should be counted, typically when the first frame of the InLine ad is displayed to

the user

<Linear> Tracking Elements

• <TrackingEvents> a container for the elements of the following type:

o <Tracking> contains a URI to a tracking resource that the video player should request when

a specific named event occurs during the playback of the Linear creative (the event name is

passed as an attribute of this element); the server can use requests to this URL for tracking

metrics associated with specified events

• <VideoClicks> a container for elements of the following types:

o <ClickThrough> contains a URI to a page that the video player should request and display

in a Web browser window when the user clicks within the video frame while the Linear ad is

played (known as the “clickthrough” or “landing page” URI); the server can also use requests

to this URI for tracking the “clickthrough” metric

o <ClickTracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should request

when the user clicks within the video frame while the Linear ad is played; the server can also

use requests to this URI for tracking the “clickthrough” metric

o <CustomClick> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should request

when the user clicks on a particular button, link, or other call to action associated with the

Linear ad during its playback, but which does not open a new page in a Web browser

window; the ClickThrough and CustomClick URLs should never be requested at the same time

(i.e. for the same click)

• <IconClicks> a container in the Icons/Icon element for elements of the following types:

o <IconClickThrough> contains a URI for a Webpage that the video player should open in

a Web browser window when the user clicks on the Icon creative that is displayed in

association with the ad; may also be used to track the click

o <IconClickTracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should

request when the user clicks on the Icon creative

• <IconViewTracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should request when

the Icons/Icon creative is displayed to the user

<Companion> Tracking Elements (See Section 2.2.5.2 for more information)

• <CompanionClickThrough> contains a URI for a Webpage that the video player should open in a

Web browser window when the user clicks on the companion creative; URI may also be used to track

the clickthrough

• <CompanionClickTracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should

request when the user clicks on the companion creative; used to track the clickthrough for InLine

creative when the creative handles the click; in a Wrapper Ad the URI is used to track clickthroughs for

the InLine response that results after the Wrapper

< NonLinearAds> Tracking Elements

• <TrackingEvents> a container for elements of the following type:

o <Tracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should request when a

specific named event occurs during the playback of the Nonlinear creative (the event name is

passed as an attribute of this element); the server can use requests to this URL for tracking

metrics associated with these events

< NonLinear> Tracking Elements (See Section 2.2.5.2 for more information)

• <NonLinearClickThrough> contains a URI for a Webpage that the video player should open in

a Web browser window when the user clicks on the Nonlinear creative

• <NonLinearClickTracking> contains a URI to a location or file that the video player should

request when the user clicks on the Nonlinear creative; used to track an InLine clickthrough when the

creative handles the click; in a Wrapper Ad the URI is used to track clickthroughs for the InLine

response that results after the Wrapper

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2.2.5.2 ClickThrough and ClickTracking Elements

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2.2.5.3 The <Impression> Element

2()!<InLine>!)%);)9>!&9!=!3562!7)'<49')!A49>=&9'!49)!47!;47)!<Impression>!)%);)9>'E!V=A(!

<Impression>!)%);)9>!A49>=&9'!)R=A>%,!49)!A(&%*!SU525dC7=<<)*!\OHE!HB!;#%>&<%)!&;<7)''&4 9!7)' 4# 7A) !

B&%)'!=7)!9)A)''= 7,!B47!= !A7)=>&8)! ?' #A (!=' !C( )9 !; # %>&<%)!',' >);'!C&'(!>4!$) !94>&B&)*!4B!>()!&;<7)''&49@/!

>()9!=9!<Impression>!)%);)9>!;#'>!$)!&9A%#*)*!B47!)=A(!&;<7)''&49!7)'4#7A)/!)=A(!C&>(!=!#9&f#)!

\OHE!

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C7=<<)*!&9!=!SU525!$%4AF!='!*);49'>7=>)*!&9!>()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)L!!

<![CDATA[

http://ad.server.com/impression/dot.gif

]]>

</Impression>

5&!@+<0+<!

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2.2.5.4 Impression vs. “Start” Event

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)=A(!7)%)8=9>!=*!B47;=>!&9!')A>&49'!0EDE-!p!0EDEl!B47!*)>=&%'E!!

2.2.5.5 Multiple Impressions

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4>()7!=*!')78&9:!','>);'/!'#A(!='!=!8)9*47!=*!')78)7!);<%4,)*!$,!>()!=*8)7>&')7E!J()9!;#%>&<%)!

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&;<7)'' &4 9 '!= >!> ( )!' =;)!>&;) E!59,!'&:9&B&A=9>!*)%=,!$)>C))9!&;<7)''&49!7)f#)'>'!;=,!7)'#%>!&9!A4#9>!

*&'A7)<=9A&)'!$)>C))9!=*!')78&9:!','>);'E!

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;4;)9>!&9!>&;)!47!='!A%4')!&9!>&;)!='!<4''&$%)E!H9!<=7>&A#%=7!B47!=!35 6 2 !7)' <4 9 ') !

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K#&*)%&9)'!7)f#&7)'!>(=>!=%%!4B!>()!&;<7)''&49!\OH'!$)!7)f#)'>)*!C()9!>()!B&7'>!B7=; )!4 B!

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2.2.5.6 Tracking Records for Multiple Parties

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;#%>&<%)!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'q)=A(!4B!C(&A(!A=9!<748&*)!=!\OH!>4!>()!')78)7!4B!=9,!<=7>,!7)f#)'>&9:!

94>&B&A=>&49!4B!>7=AF&9:!&9B47;=>&49!49!>()!=*E!!

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2.2.6 The <Creatives> Element

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A7)=>&8)!=7)!&9A%#*)*!='!<=7>!4B!>()!5*/!=%%!A7)=>&8)!B&%) ' !'(4# %*!:)9)7=%%,!7)<7)') 9>!>( )!'=;)!A7)=>&8)!

A49A)<>E!!

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<Creative>!;=,!$)!9)'>)*!C&>(&9!>()!<Creatives>!)%);)9>E!Q4>)!>()!<%#7=%!'<)%%&9:!4B!>()!<7&;=7,!

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2()!<Creative> sequence!=>>7&$#>)!'(4#%*!94>!$)!A49B#')*!C&>(!>()!<Ad>

sequence!=>>7&$#>)E!S7)=>&8)!sequence!&*)9>&B&)'!>( ) !') f # )9 A )!4 B !; # %> &<%) !A 7)= >&8 ) !

C&>(&9!=!'&9:%)!5*!=9*!*4)'!Q]2!*)B&9)!=!"4*E!S498)7')%,/!>()!<Ad> sequence!

&*)9>&B&)'!>( )!' )f # ) 9 A) !4 B!;#%>&<%)!5* '!= 9 * !* )B&9 ) '!= 9 !5 * !" 4 * E!6) ) !') A> &49 !0EDEl!B47!

*)>=&%'!=$4#>!5*!"4*'E!!

2.2.6.1 Creative Attributes

2()!B4%%4C&9:!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!=8=&%=$%)!B47!>()!<Creative>!)%);)9>L!

• id: an ad server-defined identifier for the creative

• sequence: the numerical order in which each sequenced creative should display (not to be confused

with the <Ad> sequence attribute used to define Ad Pods)

• adId: identifies the ad with which the creative is served

• apiFramework: the technology used for any included API

5%%!A7)=>&8)!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!4<>&49=%E!

! !

2.2.6.2 VAST Example: Linear with Companions

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!*);49'>7=>)'!>()!$='&A!'>7#A>#7)!4B!=!3562!7)'<49')!&9!^PT!B47;=>E!2(&'!

7)'<49')!7)< 7)') 9>'!= !T&9)=7!5*!C&>(!S4;<=9&49'E!V%%&<'&'!?r@!7)< 7)') 9>!; &''&9 :!&9B4 7;=>&49!= 9 * !=7 )!

#')*!&9!)R=;<%)'!>(74#:(4#>!>(&'!*4A#;)9>!&9!47*)7!>4!(&:(%&:(>!49%,!>()!3562!')A>&49'!$)&9:!*&'A#'')*E!

<Ad>

<AdSystem>My Ad Server</AdSystem>

<AdTitle>Car Company</AdTitle>

</Creative>

</Creative>

</Creatives>

</InLine>

</Ad>

</VAST>

2.2.6.3 Creative Extensions

J()9!=9!5"H!B7=;)C47F!&'!9))*)*!>4!)R)A#>)!A7)=>&8)/!=!<CreativeExtensions>!)%);)9>!A=9!$)!

=**)*!#9*)7!>()!<Creative>E!2(&'!)R >)9 ' &49 !A =9 !$ )!# ') * !>4 !%4= * !=9 !) R) A# >= $ %)!A 7)= >&8 )!C&>(!47!

C&>(4#>!#'&9:!=!;)*&=!B&%)E!!

5!<CreativeExtension>!)%);)9>!&'!9)'>)*!#9*)7!>()!<CreativeExtensions>!?<%#7=%@!)%);)9 >!'4!

>(=>!=9,!R;%!)R>) 9' &49' !=7)!')< =7= >)* !B74; !35 6 2!R; %E!5 ** &>&49 =%%,/!=9 ,!R; %!#' )* !&9!>(&'!)R >)9 '&49 !

'(4#%*!&*)9>&B,!=9!R;%!9=;)!'<=A)!?R;%9'@!>4!=84&*!A49 B#'&9:!=9,!4B!>()!R;%!)%);) 9>!9=; )'!C&>(!>(4')!

4B!3562E!

2()!9)'>)*!<CreativeExtension>!&9A%#*)'!=9 !=> >7&$ # >) !B4 7!type/!C(&A(!' < ) A &B&) ' !>( ) !PHPV!>,<)!

9))*)*!>4!)R)A#>)!>()!)R>)9'&49E!

2()!A7)=>&8)!=>>7&$#>)/!apiFramework/!&*)9>&B&)'!>() !5 " H!9 ) )* ) * !>4 !) R) A# > )!> ( )!A 7) => &8) E!HB!>( ) !

apiFramework!=>>7&$#>)!&'!94>!'<)A&B&)*/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;=,!*&'7):=7*!A7)=>&8)E!HB!>()!5*!A=994>!$)!

B#%%,!)R)A#>)*! C&>(4#>!&>/!>()9!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;=,!*&'7):=7*!>()!5*!=9*!#')!>()!<Error>!)%);)9>!

?#9*)7!>()!<Ad>!)%);)9>!>4!94>&B,!>()!=*!')78)7!>(= >!>() !5*!A4#%*!94>!$)!*&'<%=,)*E!

! !

2.3 VAST Requirements by Compliance Format

H9!3562 !D E1 /!= !8&* ) 4 !< %= ,) 7!;=,!A(4 4 ' ) !>4 !' # < < 4 7>!*&BB)7)9 >!8&*)4!=*!B47;=>'!C(&%)!;=&9>=&9&9:!3562d

A4;<%&=9>!'>=>#'E!3&*)4!<%=,)7'!;=,!4<>!>4!'#<<47>!49)!47!;47)!4B!B&8)!3562!=*!B47;=>'L!

• Linear Ads

• Skippable Linear Ads*

• Companion Ads*

• NonLinear Ads

• Ad Pods*

k6F&<<=$%)!T&9)=7!5*'!=9*!5*!"4*'!7)f#&7)!'#<<47>!B47!T&9)=7!5*'E!S4;<=9&49!5*'!7)f#&7)!'#<<47>!B47!

)&>()7!T&9)=7!5*'!47!Q49T&9)=7!5*'E!!

"748&*&9:!4<>&49=%!A4;<%&=9A)!B47;=>'!)9=$%)!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!>4!$)!A4;<%&=9>!C&>(!3562!:#&*)%&9)'!C(&%)!

49%,!'#<<47>&9:!>()!B47;=>'!>(=>!$)'>!'#&>!>()&7!8&*)4 !<#$%&'(&9:!;4*)%E!5%%4C&9:!>()!4<>&49!4B!

A4;<%,&9:!C&>(!')%)A>!=*!B47;=>'!()%<'!>4!&9A7)=' ) !=* 4 < >&4 9 != A74 ' '!> ( )!&9 * # ' >7, /!; = F&9 : !&>!) = '&) 7!B4 7!

8&*)4!=*!')78)7'!>4!&9A7)=')!7)=A(!=A74''!;47)!<#$%&'()7!<%=>B47;'E!

Identifying Ad Formats in a VAST Response

2()!B4%%4C&9: !>=$%) !'#;;=7&e)'!>() !<74 <) 7>&)'! B47!) %); ) 9>'!B4 #9 * !&9!=!35 62 !7)'< 4 9' )!>(= >!7) <7) ')9 >'!

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)%);)9>!&9!>(=>!74C!'( 4#%*!$)!B4#9 *!&9!>()!3562 !7)'<49') E!!

V9:&9))7'!A=9!#')!>()!B4%%4C&9:!>=$%)!>4!<74:7=;!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!>(=>!f#&AF%,!&*)9>&B,!>()!3562!5*!B47;=>'!

&9A%#*)* !&9 !>( ) !3 5 6 2 !7) '< 4 9 ') E!

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<Ad> ?94!')f# )9 A)@

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<Ad sequence=”n”>!

✓!

<Linear> ?94!'F&<4 BB')>@!

✓!

✓k!

✓!

<Linear skipoffset=

”HH:MM:SS”>!

✓!

✓k!

✓!

<CompanionAds>!

✓!

kS4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!;#'>!$)!')78)*!C&>(!)&>()7!T&9)=7!47!Q49T&9 )=7!A7)= >&8)!=9*!A=994>!$)!')78)*!=%49)E!5%'4/!>()!

<CompanionAds>!)%);)9>!A=9!$)!')78)*!&9!=!3562!7)'<49' ) !B47!=9,!4>()7!=*!B47;=>E!5'!%49:!='!>()!=>>7&$#>)/!

required=”none”/!&'!<7)')9>!>()!8&*)4 !<%=, )7!A=9 !A(4 4')!>4!&: 9 4 7) !=9 ,!A4 ;<=9&49!A7)= >&8) !&9 A%# * )* E!!

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B47;=>!94>!'# < <4 7>)* E!!

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C&>(!')f#)9A)!=>>7&$#>)'!&9>)9*)*!>4!<%=,!='!=9!5*!"4 */!='!%49 :!='!>( )7) c'!=>!%)='>!49 )!m5 *n !)%); ) 9>!

C&>(!94!')f#)9A)!=>>7&$#>)/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!&:947)!>()!=**&>&49=%!')f#)9A)*!m5*n!)%);)9>'E!I#>!&B!

>()!49%,!4<>&49 '!B47!=* !B47; = >'!B4# 9* !&9!>()!3 56 2!7)' <4 9') !=7)!>( 4') !4B!=!B47;=>!>()!8&*)4!<%=,) 7!

*4)'9c>!'#<<47>/!>()9!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!7)i)A>!>()!=*!=9*!94>&B,!>()!=*!')78)7!#'&9:!>()!mV7747n!

)%);)9>!B47!>()!m5*nE!

T&F)C&')/!&B!=!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'#<<47>'!;#%>&<%)!B47;=>'!'#A(!='!$4>(!T&9)=7!5*'!=9*!S4;<=9&49!5*'!

?'#<<47>&9: !>()!< 4< #%=7!g%&9)=7!C&>(!A4;<=9&49h!4BB)7&9:@/!>()!'&:9=>#7)!)%);)9>!<74<)7>&)'!B47!$4>(!

B47;=>'!'(4 # %*!$) !7)'< )A>) *E !

U)>=&%'!B47!)=A(!4B!>()')!A4;<%&=9A)!A=>):47&)'!B4%%4C!&9!')A>&49'!0EDE-d0EDElE!

2.3.1 Linear Ad Format

2()!;4'>!A4;;49!>,<)!4B!8&*)4!=*8)7>&');)9>!>7=BB&AF)*!&9!>()!&9*#'>7, !&'!=!g%&9)= 7!=*h /!C( &A( !&'!=9!=* !

>(=>!*&'<%=,'!&9!>( ) !'= ;)!=7)=!= '!> () !A 4 9> ) 9>!$#>!94>!=>!>()!'=;)!>&;)!='!>()!A49>)9>E!H9!B=A>/!>()!8&*)4!

<%=,)7!;#'>!&9>)77#<>!>()!A49>)9>!$)B47)!*&'<%=,&9:!=!%&9)=7!=*E!T&9)=7!=*'!=7)!4B>)9!*&'<%=,)*!7&:(>!

$)B47)!>()!8&*)4!A49>)9>!<%=,'E!2(&'!=*!<4'&>&49!&'!A=%%)*!=!g<7)d74%%h!<4'&>&49 E!W47!>( &'!7)='4 9/!=!%&9) =7!=* !

&'!4B>)9!A= %%) * !=!g < 7) d74%%Eh!!

2()!3562!7)'<49')!'>7#A>#7)!>(=>!7)<7)')9>'!=!T&9)=7!5*!&'!7)<7 )' )9 > )* !&9 !>( ) !* &= :7 =;!$)%4C E!

2.3.1.1 Linear Elements

5!<Linear>!)%);)9>!(='!>C4!7)f#&7)*!A(&%*!)%);)9>'/!>()!<Duration>!=9*!>()!<MediaFiles>!

)%);)9>E!5**&>&49=%%,!B4#7!4<>&49=%!A(&%*!)%);)9>'!=7)!4BB)7)*L!<VideoClicks>/!<AdParameters>/!

<TrackingEvents>/!=9*!<Icons>E!

! !

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!7)<7)')9>'!>()!)%);)9>'!>(=>!B=%%!*&7)A>%,!#9*)7!>()!<Linear>!)%);)9>E!V%);)9>'!

4#>%&9)*!&9!7)*!=7)!7)f#&7)*E!

2.3.1.2 The <Duration> Element

2()!=*!*#7=>&49!4B!=!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!&'!)R<7)'') *!&9 !> ( )!<Duration>!)%);)9>E!U#7=>&49!&'!)R<7)'')*!&9!

>()!gHH:MM:SS.mmmh!B47;=>!?.mmm!7)<7)')9>'!;&%%&')A49*'!=9*!&'!4<>&49=%@E!W47!)R=;<%)/!=!D1!')A49*!

8&*)4!&'!7)<7)')9>)*!='!B4%%4C'L!

]7!=%>)79=>)%,L!

2()!.mmm!)R>)9'&49!B47!;&%%&')A49*'!'(4#%*!$) !#')*!C( )9)8 )7!<4''&$%)!>4!=84&*!'>4<<&9:!>()!A7)=>&8)!

<7);=>#7)%,E!!

5!<MediaFiles>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!;#%>&<%)!<MediaFile>!)%);)9>'!?*) 'A7&$ )* !&9!>()!9 )R >!

')A>&49@/!)=A(!4B!C(&A(!;#'>!$)!4B!>()!*#7=>&49!*)B&9)*!&9!>()!T&9)=7!*#7=>&49!)%);)9>E!P&947!8=7&=>&49'!

7)'#%>&9:!B74;!>( )!>7=9 'A4 *&9 :!<74 A) ''!=7)!=AA)<>=$%)E!!

2.3.1.3 The <MediaFiles> Element

2()!<MediaFiles>!)%);)9>!&'!=!A49>=&9)7!B47!49)!47!;47)!<MediaFile>!)%);)9>'/!)= A ( !4 B!C(&A(!

A49>=&9'!=!SU525dC7=<<)*!\OH!>4!>()!;)* &=!B&%)!>4!$) !*4 C 9%4= *) *!4 7!'>7)=; ) *!B4 7!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!

T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!=7)!>,<&A=%%,!8&*)4!B&%)'/!$#>!'>=>&A!&;=:)'!;=,!=%'4!$)!#')*E!!

5!<MediaFiles>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!;#%>&<%)!<MediaFile>!)%);)9>'/!)=A( !4 9 ) !$ ) ' >!' # &>) * !> 4 != !

*&BB)7)9>!>)A(94%4:,!47!*)8&A)E!J()9 !=9 != *!;=,!$)!') 78) * !>4 !; # %>&< %) !8&* ) 4!< %= >B4 7;'/!49)!<%=>B47;!

?&E)E!*)8&A)@!;=,!9 )) *!>( )!; )* &=!B&%)!&9!=!* &BB)7) 9>!B47;=>!>(=9!C( =>!=9 4 >() 7!<%=>B4 7; !9) )* 'E!P 4 7)!

'<)A&B&A=%%,/!*&BB)7)9>!*)8&A)'!=7)!A=<=$%)!4B!*&'<%=,&9:!8&*)4!B&%)'!C&>(!*&BB)7)9>!)9A4*&9:'!=9*!

A49>=&9)7'/!=9*!=>!*&BB)7)9>!$&>7=>)'E!!

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<MediaFile>!)%);)9>'/!)=A(!C&>(!*&BB)7)9>!A49>=&9)7dA4*)A!8)7'&49'!=9*!=>!=!B)C!*&BB)7)9>!$&>7=>)'E!

]9%,!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!$)'>!;=>A()*!>4!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!','>);!'(4#%*!$)!*&'<%=,)*E!2()!A7)=>&8)!A49>)9>!

'(4#%*!$)!>()!'=;)!B4 7!)=A (!; ) *&=!B&%) E!

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A4*)A!8)7'&49'!=9*!=>!=!B)C!*&BB)7)9>!$&>7=>)'E!

2()!<MediaFile>!)%);)9>!=%'4!(='!')8)7=%!=>>7&$#>)'!>(=>!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!#')'!>4!')%)A>!=!;)*&=!B&%)!

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2.3.1.4 Media File Attributes

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O)f#&7)*!5>>7&$#>)'L!

• delivery: either “progressive” for progressive download protocols (such as HTTP) or

“streaming” for streaming protocols.

• type: MIME type for the file container. Popular MIME types include, but are not limited to “video/x-

flv” for Flash Video and “video/mp4” for MP4

• *width: the native width of the video file, in pixels

• *height: the native height of the video file, in pixels

kW47!;)*&=!B&%)'!>(=>!(=8)!94!C&*>(!=9*!()&:(>!?'#A(!='!C&>(!=9!=#*&4d49%,!B&%)@/!8=%#)'!4B!g1h!=7)!

=AA)<>=$%)E!

]<>&49=%!5>>7&$#>)'L!

• codec: the codec used to encode the file which can take values as specified by RFC 4281:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4281

• id: an identifier for the media file

• bitrate or minBitrate and maxBitrate: for progressive load video, the bitrate value specifies the

average bitrate for the media file; otherwise the minBitrate and maxBitrate can be used together to

specify the minimum and maximum bitrates for streaming videos

• scalable: identifies whether the media file is meant to scale to larger dimensions

• maintainAspectRatio: a Boolean value that indicates whether aspect ratio for media file

dimensions should be maintained when scaled to new dimensions

• apiFramework: identifies the API needed to execute an interactive media file

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2.3.1.5 Using Static Image Media Files for Linear Creative

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#')7!>(=>!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!(='!B74e)9!*#7&9:!=*!<%=,E!HB!>()!'>=>&A!&;=:)!A=994>!$)!*&'<%=,)*/!>()9!>()!

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>()!;4'>!=<< 74 <7&=>) @E!6))!')A>&49!0EGE0!B47!*)>=&%'!49!)7747!; ) ''= :)' E!

2.3.1.6 The Optional <VideoClicks> Element

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)%);)9>/!=9*!4<>&49=%%,!A49>=&9!49)!47!;47)!A(&%*!<ClickTracking>!=9*!<CustomClick>!)%);)9>'E!

2()!'>7#A>#7)!B47!>()!<VideoClicks>!)%);)9>!=9*!&>'!9)'>)*!)%);)9>'!&'!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!>()!*&=:7=;!

$)%4CE!

2()!<ClickThrough>!)%);)9>!&'!#')*!>4!<748&*)!=!A%&AF>(74#:(!B47!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!&B!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!

A=994>!<748&*)!&>'!4C9E!2()!A%&AF>(74#:(!\OH!<748&*)*!&'!B47!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!4<)9!&9!=!9)C !C ) $ !

$74C')7!C&9*4C!C()9!>()!#')7!A%&AF'!>()!=*E!2()!\OH!>,<&A=%%,!7)*&7)A>'!>()!#')7!>4!=!<=:)!49!>()!

5*8)7>&')7c'!'&>)E!

2()!4<>&49=%!<ClickTracking>!)%);)9>!&'!#')*!>4!>7=AF!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(!C()9!>()!A7)=>&8)!B&%)!

(=9*%)'!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(/!=9*!>()!<CustomClick>!)%);)9>!&'!#')*!>4!>7=AF!4>()7!949dA%&AF>(74#:(!

A%&AF'!&9!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

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HB!>()!<ClickThrough>!)%); )9>!&'!<7)')9>/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!%4=*!>()!9)'>)*!\OH!

&9!=!C)$!$ 74 C')7!C&9*4 C!C()9!>( ) !# ') 7!A%&A F '!4 9 !>( ) !8&* ) 4 !A7) = >&8 )E!

]>()7!4<>&49=%!A(&%*!)%);)9>'!4B!>()!<Linear>!)%);)9>!=7)!>()!<AdParameters>!)%);)9>/!#')*!B47!

)R)A#>=$%)!A7)=>&8)/!=9*!>()!<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>E!2()!<AdParameters>!)%);)9>!&'!

*)'A7&$)*!&9!')A>&49!0EDE-E./!=9*!>() !<TrackingEvents>!)%); )9>!&'!*)'A7&$)*!&9!')A>&49!0EDE-ENE!

2.3.1.7 Tracking Linear Creative

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')9*!>7=AF&9:!&9B47;=>&49!$=AF!>4!>()!=*!')78)7?'@!)R=A>%,!='!'<)A&B&)*!&9!>()!3562!*4A#;)9>E!W=&%#7)!>4!

')9*!=AA#7=>)!>7=AF&9:!*=>=!7)9*)7'!&9A49'&'>)9>!7)'#%>'!$)>C))9!8&*)4!<%=,)7!=9*!=*!')78)7!A4#9>'E!!

27=AF&9:!&9B47;=>&49!B47!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!&'!'<)A&B&)*!&9!>C4!<%=A)'L!&9!>()!<VideoClicks>!=9*!

<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>'!?$4>(!4<>&49=%!)%);)9>'!9)'>)*!*&7)A>%,!#9*)7!>()!<Linear>!)%);)9>@E!

2()!<VideoClicks>!)%);)9>!&'!*)'A7&$)*!&9!>()!<7)8&4#'!')A>&49E!!

2()!<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!49)!47!;47)!<Tracking>!)%);)9>'.!59!event!

=>>7&$#>)!B47!>()!<Tracking>!)%);)9>!)9=$%)'!=*!')78)7'!>4!&9A%#*)!&9*&8&*#=%!>7=AF&9:!\OH'!B47!)8)9>'!

>(),!C=9>!>4!>7= AFE!2( )!event!=>>7&$#>)!&'!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!>()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!4B!=!<=7>&=%!3562!

7)'<49')L!

<![CDATA[http://adserver.com/firstQuartilePixel.gif]>

</Tracking>

</TrackingEvents>

HB!<7)')9 >/!8 &* ) 4 !< %=, ) 7' !; # ' >!')9* !=!7)f#)'>!>4!>()!>7=AF&9:!\OH!&9!=!<Tracking>!)8)9>!C()9!>()!

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>4!3562!DE1E!

2()!<Tracking>!)8)9>!>,<)'!=7)!='!B4%%4C'L!!

• creativeView: not to be confused with an impression, this event indicates that an individual creative

portion of the ad was viewed. An impression indicates the first frame of the ad was displayed; however

an ad may be composed of multiple creative, or creative that only play on some platforms and not

others. This event enables ad servers to track which ad creative are viewed, and therefore, which

platforms are more common.

• start: this event is used to indicate that an individual creative within the ad was loaded and playback

began. As with creativeView, this event is another way of tracking creative playback.

• firstQuartile: the creative played for at least 25% of the total duration.

• midpoint: the creative played for at least 50% of the total duration.

• thirdQuartile: the creative played for at least 75% of the duration.

• complete: The creative was played to the end at normal speed.

• mute: the user activated the mute control and muted the creative.

• unmute: the user activated the mute control and unmuted the creative.

• pause: the user clicked the pause control and stopped the creative.

• rewind: the user activated the rewind control to access a previous point in the creative timeline.

• resume: the user activated the resume control after the creative had been stopped or paused.

• **fullscreen: the user activated a control to extend the video player to the edges of the viewer’s

screen.

• **exitFullscreen: the user activated the control to reduce video player size to original dimensions.

• **expand: the user activated a control to expand the creative.

• **collapse: the user activated a control to reduce the creative to its original dimensions.

• *acceptInvitationLinear: the user activated a control that launched an additional portion of the

creative. The name of this event distinguishes it from the existing “acceptInvitation” event described in

the 2008 IAB Digital Video In-Stream Ad Metrics Definitions, which defines the “acceptInivitation”

metric as applying to non-linear ads only. The “acceptInvitationLinear” event extends the metric for use

in Linear creative.

• *closeLinear: the user clicked the close button on the creative. The name of this event distinguishes it

from the existing “close” event described in the 2008 IAB Digital Video In-Stream Ad Metrics

Definitions, which defines the “close” metric as applying to non-linear ads only. The “closeLinear” event

extends the “close” event for use in Linear creative.

• *skip: the user activated a skip control to skip the creative, which is a different control than the one

used to close the creative.

• *progress: the creative played for a duration at normal speed that is equal to or greater than the

value provided in an additional attribute for offset. Offset values can be time in the format

HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.mmm or a percentage value in the format n%. Multiple progress events with

different values can be used to track multiple progress points in the Linear creative timeline.

kP)>7&A'!&9>74*#A)*!&9!3562!DE1E!

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B#%%'A7))9!>4!&>'!47&:&9 =%!'&e) E!24!7);=&9!A4; <%&=9 >!C &>(!>() !011 a!:# &*) %&9) '/!>()' )!; ) >7&A '!'(4#%*!$)!

#')*!=AA47*&9:%,E!H9!3562!DE1 /!> () !;)>7&A'!fullscreen!=9*!exitFullscreen!A=9 !$)!#')*/!%)=8&9:!

expand!=9*!collapse!>4!>7=AF!A7)=>&8) !$)( =8 &47!7=>() 7!>(= 9!8&*) 4!< %=,) 7!$)( =8&4 7E!24!#')!

fullscreen!=9*!exitFullscreen!C(&%)!;=&9>=&9&9:!A4;<%&=9A,!C&>(!>()!011a!:#&*)%&9)'/!#')!=!

A4;;49!>7=AF&9:!\OH!B47!$4>(!fullscreen!=9*!expand!=9*!=94>()7!A4;;49!\OH!B47!

exitFullscreen!=9*!collapseE!

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A7)=>&8)E!!

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7)'4#7A)!B74;!>( )!'#< < %&)*!\ OH!C ( )9!>( )!#' )7!A%&AF'!>() !A7)=>&8) E!P #%>&< %)!

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<4''&$%)@!C()9!>()!#')7!A%&AF'!>()!A7)=>&8)E!

2.3.1.8 Multiple Tracking Events of the Same Type

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&9B47;= >&4 9 !C&>(!4>() 7!= * !') 78 &9: !' ,' >) ; ' !' #A ( != '!= !8) 9 * 4 7!=* !' ) 78) 7 '!);<%4,)*!$,!>()!=*8)7>&')7E!

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<%=,)7!&'!7)f#&7)*!>4!7)f#)'>!=%%!)8)9>'!4B!>()!'=;)!>,<)!'&;#%>=9)4#'%,!47!='!A%4')!&9!>&;)!='!<4''&$%)E!

59,!'&:9&B&A=9>!*)%=,!$)>C))9!7)f#)'>'!;=,!7)'#%>!&9!A4#9>!*&'A7)<=9A&)'!$)>C))9!=*!')78&9:!','>);'E!

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')78&9:!','>);!A4#9>'E!

2.3.1.9 Executable Media Files

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#')!>()!)R)A#>=$%)!B&%)!>4!'<)A&B,!A7)=>&8)!C&>(!A#'>4;!&9>)7=A>&8&>,/!47!C&>(!A#'>4;!>7=AF&9:!$)(=8&47E!

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&9!>()!W%= '( !" %= ,) 7/!4 7!&>c' !=!+= 8 =6 A 7&< >!B&%) !* ) '&: 9 )* !> 4!$ ) !) R) A# > )* !&9 != !C ) $ !$ 74 C ' )7 E!3 5 62 !A =9 !' # <<47>!

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HB!=9!)R)A # >= $ %) !;)*&=!B&%)!&' !&* ) 9 >&B&) * !B4 7 !>( ) !A7 )= >&8 ) !&9 !>( ) !3 5 6 2 !7) '< 4 9 ' ) /!>( ) !8&* ) 4 !< %= ,) 7!9))*'!>4 !

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C&>(!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!=%>(4#:(!3562!A=9!'#<<47>!=9,!5"HE!W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49!49!3"5HU!8&'&>!

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5!3562!7)'<49')!>(=>!&9A%#*)'!=9!)R)A#>=$%)!;)*&=!B&%)!'(4#%*!#')!<MediaFile>!=>>7&$#>)!type!>4!

A49>=&9!>()!PHPV!>,<)!4B!>()!)R)A#>=$%)E!W47!)R=;<%)/!=!W%='(!g6JWh!B&%)!'(4#%*!#')!>()!>,<)!

“application/x-shockwave-flash”/!=9 *!=!+=8=6 A 7 &< >!B &%) !' ( 4 # %*!#')!>( ) !>, < ) !“application/x-

javascript“E!59!)R)A#>=$%)!<MediaFile>!)%);)9>!'(4#%*!=%'4!'<)A&B,!>()!4<>&49=%!=>>7&$#>)!

apiFrameworkE!HB!>()!=<<74 < 7&= >) !apiFramework!&'!;&''&9:!$ # >!&' !9 )) * ) *!> 4 !)R ) A# >) !>( ) !;)*&=!B&%)/!

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>()!8&*)4!<%=,) 7!A=9 !&:947) !>() !5*!=9*!'(4#%*!#')!>()!<Error>!)%);)9>!>4!94>&B,!>()!=*!')78)7!>(=>!>()!

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<MediaFile id=1 delivery=”progressive” type=”application/x-shockwave-

flash” width=640 height=480 apiFramework=”VPAID”>

…

</MediaFile>

</MediaFiles>

2.3.1.10 The Optional <AdParameters> Element

64;)!=*!')78&9:!','>);'!;=,!C=9>!>4!')9*!*=>=!>4!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!C()9!B&7'>!&9&>&=%&e)*E!W47!)R=;<%)/!>()!

;)*&=!B&%)!;=,!#')!=*!')78)7!*=>=!>4!&*)9>&B,!>()!A49>)R>!#' )*!>4 !*&'<%= ,!>() !A7)=>&8)/!C( = >!' ) 78 ) 7!>4!>=%F!

>4/!47!)8)9!C(&A( !A7)= >&8)!>4 !*&'<%=, E!2()!4<>&49=%!<AdParameters>!)%);)9>!B47!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!

)9=$%)'!>(&'!*=>=!)RA(=9:)E!

2()!4<>&49=%!=>>7&$#>)!xmlEncoded!&'!=8=&%=$%)!B47!>( ) !<AdParameters>!)%); )9>!>4!&*)9>&B,!C()>()7!

>()!=*!<=7=; ) >)7'!=7) !R; %d)9A4 *)*E!HB!>7#)/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!#')!R;%!>4!*)A4*)!>()!*=>=E!3&*)4!

<%=,)7'!4<)7=>&9:!49!)=7%&)7!8)7'&49'!4B!3562!;=,!94>!$)!=$%)!>4!R;%d*)A4*)!*=>=/!'4!*=>=!'(4#%*!49%,!

$)!R;%d)9A4*)*!C()9!$)&9:!')78)*!>4!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!A=<=$%)!4B!R;%d*)A4*&9:!>()!*=>=E!

2()!<AdParameters>!8=%#)!&9!3562!'(4#%*!$)!C7=<<)* !&9!=!SU525 !$%4AFE!!

! !

F+,+<.1!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

2()!<7)A&')!;)A(=9&';!B47!<=''&9:!>()!5*"=7=;)>)7'!&9B47;=>&49!>4!>()!)R)A#>=$%)!

;)*&=!B47!4>()7!5"H'!*)<)9*'!49!>()!5"H!B7=;)C47F!>(=>!&'!#')*E!H9!>()!A=')!4B!3"5HU/!>()!

AdParameters!)%);)9>!&'!>()!49%,!C=,!>4!<=''!&9B47;=>&49!B74;!>()!3562!7)'<49')!

&9>4!>()!3" 5 HU !4 $ i) A> j!9 4!4 > ( )7!;)A(=9&' ; !&' !< 74 8&* ) * E!

2.3.2 Skippable Linear Creative

6F&<<=$%)!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!=7)!A7)=>&8)!>(=>!#')7'!A=9!A(44')!>4!'F&</!>, < &A =%%,!=B>)7!=!<7)'A7&$)*!9#;$)7!

4B!')A49*'!(=8)!<='')*E!6F&<<=$%)!A7)=>&8)!A7)=>)!=!$)>>)7!#')7!)R<)7&)9A)/!7)'#%>!&9!%4C)7!

=$=9*49;)9>!7=>)'!B47!<#$%&'()7'/!=9*!'#<<47>!=!$#'&9)''!;4*)%!C()7)!<#$%&'()7'!=9*!=*8)7>&')7'!A=9!

9):4>&=>)!$&%%&9:!$=')*!49!A7)=>&8)!<%=,)*!>4!A4;<%)>&49E!H9!'#<<47> !4 B!A7)=>&8)!>(= >!A=9 !$)!'F&< <) */!

3562!DE1!&9>74*#A)'!>()!B4%%4C&9:!B)=>#7)'L!!

• skipoffset attribute for the <Linear> element

• skip event

• progress event

2.3.2.1 Skipoffset Attribute

24!'<)A&B,!>(=>!=!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!A=9!$)!'F&<<)*/!>()!=*!' ) 78 ) 7!;#'>!&9A %# *) !>( ) !skipoffset!=>>7&$#>)!&9!

>()!<Linear>!)%);)9>E!2()!8= %# ) !B47 !skipoffset!&'!= !>&;)!8=%#) !&9 !>( ) !B4 7;=>!HH:MM:SS!47!

HH:MM:SS.mmm!47!=!<)7A)9>=:)!&9!>()!B47;=>!n%E!2()!Emmm!8=%#)!&9!>()!>&;)!4BB')>!7)<7)')9>'!

;&%%&')A49*'!=9*!&'!4<>&49=%E!2(&'!skipoffset!8=%#)!&9*&A=>)'!C()9!>()!'F&<!A49>74%!'(4#%*!$)!<748&*)*!

=B>)7!>()!A7)=>&8)!$):&9'!<%=,&9:E!!

"$*+!%P$2'II%+-H!2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!<748&*)'!=!'F&<4BB')>!4B!L1l!')A49*'E!

</Creative>

J+<(+,-.8+!%P$2'II%+-H!2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!<748&*)'!=!'F&<4BB')>!4B!-1tE!

</Creative>

3&*)4!A49>)9>!<#$%&'()7'!=9*!=*8)7>&')7'!'(4#%*!9):4>&=>)!=9!=AA)<>=$%)!skipoffset!8=%#)E!2()!8&*)4!

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#9=AA)<>=$%)!skipoffset!8=%#)E!!

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>()!>&;)!&9*&A=>) *!$, !=9!=AA)<>=$%)!skipoffset!8=%#)E!HB!94!skipoffset!8=%#)!&'!<748&*)*/!>( ) 9!>()!

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=*8)7>&')7E!

! !

2.3.2.2 Skip Event

2()!'F&<!)8)9>!&'!<748&*)*!>4!'#<<47>!>7=AF&9:!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!>(=>!&'!'F&<<)*!=9*!&'!49%,!=8=&%=$%)!B47!

T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!J()9!>()!#')7!'F&<'!=!6F&<<=$%)!A7)=>&8)/!>()!8&*) 4 !< %= , ) 7!;#'>!7) f # ) ' >!> ( ) !>7 = AF &9 : !

7)'4#7A)!B74; !>() !skip!)8)9>!\OH!<748&*)*E!!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!<748&*)'!=!>7=AF&9:!\OH!B47!>()!'F&<!)8)9>!&9!=!3562 !D E1 !7) '< 4 9 ' )L!

<![CDATA[

http://ad.server.com/skip/dot.gif

]]>

</Tracking>

</TrackingEvents>

2()!skip!)8)9>!'(4#%*!94>!$)!A49B#')*!C&>(!>()!close!)8)9>E!2()!close!)8)9>!'(4#%*!49%,!$)!

>7&::)7)*!&B!>( )!# ' )7 !>= F) '!= A >&4 9 !>4 !A %4' ) !>( ) !<%= , )7 !47 !>( ) !C &9 * 4 C E!2()!skip!)8)9>/!49!>()!4>()7!(=9*/!

&'!>7&::)7)* !C()9!=!' < )A &B&A !'F &<!A 4 9 >74 %!&' !=A >&8 => ) *E!

2.3.2.3 Progress Event

J()>()7!47!94>!=9!=*!&'!'F&<<)*/!=*8)7>&')7'!=9*!<#$%&'()7'!9))*!>()!B%)R&$&%&>,!>4!9):4>&=> ) !C ( ) 9!=!

6F&<<=$%)!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!A4#9>'!='!=!8&)CE!W47!)R=;< %)/!'4 ;)!8)9* 47 '!C(4!'#<<47>!'F&<<=$%)!=*'!;=,!

A4#9>!=!8&)C!C()9!=>!%)='>!D1!')A49*'!4B!>()!A7)=>&8)!(='!<%=,)*E!2()!<74:7)''!)8)9>!&9A%#*)'!=9!

offset!=>>7&$#>)!>(=>!<748&*)'!=!>&;)!8=%#)!?HH:MM:SS!47!HH:MM:SS.mmm@!47!<)7A)9>=:)!?n%@!8=%#)!

>(=>!&9*&A=>)'!>()!>&; &9: !B47!7)A4 7*&9 :!=!8&) C E!2() !creativeView!)8)9>!A=9!$)!#')*!>4!>7=AF!=!8&)C!&9!

>(&'!A=')/!$#>!*)>=&%'!'(4#%*!$)!9):4>&=>)*!$)>C))9!>()!<#$%&'()7!=9*!=*8)7>&')7E!!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!<748&*)'!=!>7=AF&9:!\OH!B47!=!progress!)8)9>!>(=>!&'!>7&::)7)*!=B>)7!>()!T&9)=7!

A7)=>&8)!(='!<%=,)*!B47!=>!%)='>!D1!')A49*'E!

<![CDATA[

http://ad.server.com/view.gif

]]>

</Tracking>

</TrackingEvents>

3&*)4!<%=,)7'!>(=>!'#<<47>!6F&<<=$%)!T&9)=7!5*'!;#'>!')9*!=!7)f#)'>!>4!>()!\OH!<748&*)*!B47!>()!

<74:7)''!)8)9>/!&B!49)!&'!< 74 8 &* ) *E!HB!progress offsets!=7)!<748&*)*!&9!<)7A)9>=:)!8=%#)'!C()9!

*#7=>&49!&'!#9F94C9/!>()9!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!&:947)!>()!<74:7)''!)8)9>E!P#%>&<%)!<74:7)''!)8)9>'!C&>(!

*&BB)7)9>!offset!8=%#)'!;=,!$)!#')*!>4!>7=AF!*&BB)7)9>!>&;)!<4&9>'!&9!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!>&;)%&9)E!

O):=7*%)''!4B!>()!<74:7)''!)8 )9 >!7)A4 7* /!< # $ %& '( ) 7 '!= 9 *!=*8)7 >&' ) 7' !;#'>!9) : 4 >& = >) !>( ) !> ) 7;'!B47!

A4#9>&9:!8&)C'!$=')*!49!<74:7)''!)8)9>'E!!

F+,+<.1!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

3&*)4!<%=,)7'!A4;<%,&9:!C&>(!>()!6F&<<=$%)!5*!B47;=>!;#'>!'#<<47>!>()!progress!

)8)9>/!$#>!=A>#=%!A4#9>'!$=')*!49!progress!8=%#)'!=7)!*)<)9*)9>!49!>)7;'!9):4>&=>)*!

$)>C))9!>()!<#$%&'()7!=9*!=*8)7>&')7E!

2()!<74:7)''!)8)9>!<748&*)'!;)>7&A'!A4;<=7=$%)!>4!>()!f#=7>&%)!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>'!?&E)E!B&7'>f#=7>&%)/!

;&*<4&9>/!>(&7*f# =7>&%)/!A4; <%)>)@!C()9!<74:7)''!4BB')>'!=7)!')>!=>!0lt/!l1t/!Nlt!=9*!-11tE!Z4C)8)7/!

<74:7)''!)8)9>'!=7)!>7=AF)*!')<=7=>)%,!'4!f#=7>&%)!)8)9>'!;#'>!'>&%%!$)!'#<<47>)*!C()9!<748&*)*E!!

2.3.3 Companion Ad Format

T&9)=7!=*'!=7)!4B>)9!')78)*!C&>(!S4;<=9&49!=*'q=*'!')78)*!4#>'&*)!4B!>( ) !8&* ) 4 !< %=, ) 7!4 9 !>( )!

<#$%&'()7!<=:)E!6&9A)!>()')!=*'!=7)!4B>)9!')78)*!C&>(!T&9)=7!=*'!<%=A)*!&9!B749>!4B!8&*)4!A49>)9>/!>()!

B47;=>!&'!A4; ;49%,!A=%%)*!g< 7) d 74 %%!C&>( !S4;<=9&49Eh!H9!3 5 62 !DE1 != 9* !%= >)7 /!35 6 2 d A4 ;< %&=9>!8&*)4!

<%=,)7'!;=,!A(44')!C()>()7!>(),!C=9>!>4!'#<<47>!>(&'!B47;=>!47!94>E!

S4;<=9&49!=*'!=7)!94>!:)9)7=%%,!')78)*!C&>(4#>!=!T&9)=7!47!Q49T&9)=7!5*!=9*!=7)!;47)!A4;;49%,!

')78)*!C&>(!T&9)=7!=*'E!!

2()!3562!7)'<49')!B47!=!T&9)=7!5*!C&>(!S4;<=9&49'!A49>=&9'!$4>(!=!<Linear>!A7)=>&8)!=9*!=!

<CompanionAds>!A7)=>&8)/!='!7) < 7) ' ) 9 > ) * !&9 !> ( ) !B4 %% 4 C&9:!)R= ;<%)L!!

…

…

</Linear>

</Creative>

…

</Companion>

</CompanionAds>

</Creative>

</Creatives>

</InLine>

…

! !

2.3.3.1 Companion Ad Structure

\9%&F)!<Linear>!=9*!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>'/!>()!<CompanionAds>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!49)!47!

;47)!S4;<=9&49!=*'/!)=A(!S4;<=9&49!C&>(&9!&>'!4C9!<Companion>!)%);)9>E!!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!&%%#'>7=>)'!>()!'>7#A>#7)!4B!=!3562!H9T&9)!5*!A49>=&9&9:!T&9) =7 !=9 * !S 4 ;<=9&49 5 * ' !

A7)=>&8)E!

V=A(!<Companion>!)%);)9>!;#'>!'<)A&B,!=>!%)='>!49)!7)'4# 7A) !B&%)!>(= >!; =,!$ )!49 )!4 BL!

<StaticResource>/!<IFrameResource>!47!<HTMLResource>E!2()!7)'4#7A)!#')*!&*)9>&B&)'!>()!

B47;=>!4B!>()!A7) =>&8 )!B&%)!=9 *!<74 8&* )'!= !SU 5 25dC7=<<)*!\OH!>4!>()!B&%)E!!

2.3.3.2 Companion Resource Elements

S4;<=9&49!7)'4#7A)!>,<)'!=7)!*)'A7&$)*!$)%4CL!

• StaticResource: Describes non-html creative where an attribute for creativeType is used to

identify the creative resource platform. The video player uses the creativeType information to

determine how to display the resource:

o Image/gif, image/jpeg, image/png: displayed using the HTML tag <img> and the

resource URI as the src attribute.

o Application/x-javascript: displayed using the HTML tag <script> and the resource

URI as the src attribute.

o application/x-shockwave-flash: displayed using a Flash™ player

• IFrameResource: Describes a resource that is an HTML page that can be displayed within an

Iframe on the publisher’s page.

• HTMLResource: Describes a “snippet” of HTML code to be inserted directly within the publisher’s

HTML page code.

3562!DE1!=%%4C'!B47!;#%>&<%)!7)'4#7A)!B&%)'!&9!49)!<Companion>!)%);)9>E!2()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!<4%%!

>()!7)'4#7A)!B&%)'!&9!)= A(!<Companion>!)%); )9>!>4!B&9*!>()!;4'>!=<<74<7&=>)!B&%)!>4!*&'<%=,E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!&%%#'>7=>)'!=!<Companion>!)%);)9>!C&>(!>C4!7)'4#7A)!B&%)'E!2()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!

'(4#%*!*&'<%=,!>()!S4;<=9 &49!A7)=>&8)!#'&9 :!>() !;4 '>!=< <74 < 7&=>)!7)'4 #7A )!B&%)!<74 8&*) *E!

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

3562!DE1!94C!=%%4C'!;#%>&<%)!7)'4#7A)!)%);)9>'!B47!49)!<Companion>!)%);)9>E!2()!

8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!<4%%!<Companion>!)%);)9>'!>4!B&9*!>() !;4 '>!=<< 74< 7&=>)!A7) =>&8)!

>4!*&'<%=,E!W47!)R=;< %)/!&B!>()!A49>) 9>!<# $%&'( )7!=AA)< >'!(>; %!7)'4 #7A) !B&%)'/!>()9!>() !

8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!%44F!B47!>()!<HTMLResource>!)%);)9>!=;49:!>()!=8=&%=$%)!

7)'4#7A)!B&%)'!&9!>()!<Companion>E!

"7)8&4#'!8)7'&49'!4B!3562!=%%4C)*!49%,!49)!7)'4#7A)!B&%)!B47!)=A(!<Companion>!

)%);)9>E!2(&'!&'!=!'&:9&B&A=9>!A(=9:)!=9*!'(4#%*!$)!94>)*E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!3562!)R=;<%)!&'!=!'=;<%)!4B!=!<Companion>!)%);)9>!C&>(!;#%>&<%)!7)'4#7A)!B&%)'L!

<![CDATA[http://AdServer.com/companion1.jpg]>

</StaticResource>

<!CDATA[http://AdServer.com/companion1.html]>

</HTMLResource>

</Companion>

<![CDATA[http://AdServer.com/companion2.jpg]>

</StaticResource>

<!CDATA[http://AdServer.com/companion2.html]>

</HTMLResource>

</Companion>

</CompanionAds>

2.3.3.3 Other Companion Elements

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)%);)9>'!=7)!4<>&49=%!#9*)7!>()!mS4;<=9&49n!)%);)9>L!

• AltText: used to provide an image description that displays when a user mouses over the Companion

creative

• CompanionClickThrough: provides a URL to an advertiser-related page when the user clicks the

ad; only necessary for static resource files that lack technology to provide a clickthrough

• CompanionClickTracking: used to track Companion clickthroughs

• TrackingEvents: a container for the <Tracking> element used to track defined metrics defined by

the event attribute

• AdParameters: used to pass information to the creative unit; includes the attribute xmlEncoded

that is a Boolean value for identifying whether the <AdParameters> value is xml encoded.

2.3.3.4 The “required” Attribute for CompanionAds

H9!3562 !D E1 /!>( ) !required!=>>7&$#>)!B47!>()!<CompanionAds>!)%);)9>!<748&*)'!&9B47;=>&49!=$4#>!

C(&A(!S4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!>4!*&'<%=,!C()9!;#%>&<%)!S4;<=9&49'!=7)!'#<<%&)*!=9*!C()>()7!>()!5*!A=9!

$)!*&'<%=,)*!C&>(4#>!&>'!S4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)E!2()!8=%#)!B47!7)f#&7)*!A=9!$)!49)!4B!>(7))!8=%#)'L!=%%/!=9,/!

47!949)E!

2()!)R<)A>)*!$)(=8&47!B47!*&'<%=,&9:!S4;<=9&49!=*'!*)<)9*'!49!>()!B4%%4C&9:!8=%#)'L!

• all: the video player must attempt to display the contents for all <Companion> elements provided; if

all Companion creative cannot be displayed, the Ad should be disregarded and the ad server should

be notified using the <Error> element

• any: the video player must attempt to display content from at least one of the <Companion>

elements provided (i.e. display the one with dimensions that best fit the page); if none of the

Companion creative can be displayed, the Ad should be disregarded and the ad server should be

notified using the <Error> element

• none: the video player may choose to not display any of the Companion creative, but is not restricted

from doing so; the ad server may use this option when the advertiser prefers that the master ad be

displayed with or without the Companion creative

HB!94>!<748&*)*/!>( ) !8 &* )4 !<%=,)7!A=9 !A ( 4 4 ' )!> 4 !* &'<%=,!A49 >) 9 >!B7 4 ;!=9,!47!949)!4 B!>( ) !<Companion>!

)%);)9>'E!H9!=%%!A=')'!C()9!S4;<=9&49'!=7)!*&'<%=,)*/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!*&'<%=,!S4;<=9&49!

A7)=>&8)!=>!>()!'=;)!>&;)!='!>()!T&9)=7!47!Q49T&9)=7!;='>)7!A7)=>&8)E!!

2.3.3.5 Companion Attributes

2()!B4%%4C&9:!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!=8=&%=$%)!B47!>()!<Companion>!)%);)9>E!

O)f#&7)*!=>>7&$#>)'L!

• width: (required) the pixel width of the placement slot for which the creative is intended

• height: (required) the pixel height of the placement slot for which the creative is intended

V=A(!<Companion>!)%);)9>!;#'>!'<)A&B,!>()!&9>)9*)*!*&'<%=,!<%=A);)9>!*&;)9'&49'!&9!<&R)%'!#'&9:!>()!

width!=9*!height!=>>7&$#>)'E!2()')!*&;)9'&49'!'(4#%*!7)B%)A>!>()!*&;)9'&49'!4B!>()!<%=A);)9>!49!>()!

<=:)!>(=>!&'!>=7:)>)*/!'4!>(=>!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!#')!>();!>4!;=>A(!>()!S4;<=9&49!>4!>()!7&:(>!=*!

'<4>!49!>()!<=:)E!!

2()!4<>&49=%!='')>J&*>(!=9*!='')>Z)&:(>!=>>7&$#>)'!*)'A7&$)*!$)%4C!;=,!$)!#')*!>4!<748&*)!<&R)%!

*&;)9'&49'!B47!>()!A7)=>&8)!='')>E!2()!*&;)9'&49'!4B!>()!=A>#=%!7)'4#7A)!;=,!*&BB)7!'%&:(>%,!B74;!

&9>)9*) * !< %=A ) ; ) 9 >!* &;)9'&49 != %>( 4 # :( !8 =7 &=> &4 9' != 7) !*&' A4 # 7= :)*E!

]<>&49=%!=>>7&$#>)'L!

• id: an optional identifier for the creative

• assetWidth: the pixel width of the creative

• assetHeight: the pixel height of the creative

• expandedWidth: the maximum pixel width of the creative in its expanded state

• expandedHeight: the maximum pixel height of the creative in its expanded state

• apiFramework: the API necessary to communicate with the creative if available

• adSlotID: used to identify desired placement on a publisher’s page; values to be used should be

discussed between publishers and advertisers

• required: a value of either “all,” “any,” or “none” identifying whether (and how many) of the

companion creative should be displayed with the ad (see section 2.3.3.4 for details)

2.3.3.6 The Optional adSlotID Attribute for <Companion>

5*8)7>&')7'!=9*!<#$%&'()7'!A=9!#')!>()!adSlotID!=>>7&$#>)!>4!;=>A(!S4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!>4!=<<74<7&=>)!

<%=A);)9>!=7)='!7)')78)*!49!>()!"#$%&'()7'!<=:)E!3=%#)'!B47!>(&'!=>>7&$#>)!(=8)!,)>!>4!$)!*)>)7;&9)*/!='!

%49:!='!>( ) !8 =%# ) !7) ># 79 ) * !$, !>( ) != * !') 78) 7!;=>A() '!4 9 )!4 B B)7 )* !$ , !>( ) !8&* ) 4!< %= , )7!= 9 * !>( ) !* &; ) 9'&49'!

=7)!A4;<=>&$%)/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!7)'<)A>!>()!=*!')78)7c'!'#::)'>&49E!!

2.3.3.7 Tracking Details

5!<Companion>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!>()!<TrackingEvents>/!<CompanionClickThrough>!47!

<CompanionClickTracking>!)%);)9>'/!='!7)< 7) ') 9>)*!&9!> ( ) !B4%%4 C &9: !*&=:7=;E!!

2()!<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!49)!47!;47)!<Tracking>!)%);)9>'/!$#>!>()!49%,!)8)9>!

=8=&%=$%)!B47!>7=AF&9:!#9*)7!)=A(!S4;<=9&49!&'!>()!creativeView!)8)9>E!2()!creativeView!)8)9>!

>7=AF'!C()>( )7!>() !S4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!C='!8&)C) *E!2(&'!8&)C!*4)'!94>!A4#9>!='!=9!&;<7)''&49!$)A=#')!

&;<7)'' &4 9 '!= 7) !4 9 %,!A 4 #9 > )* !B4 7!> ( )! 5*!=9 *!>()!S4;<=9&49!&'!49%,!4 9 ) !< =7 >!4 B!>( ) !5*E!

2()!<CompanionClickThrough>!)%);)9>!&'!<748&*)*!>4!)9=$%)!=!A%&AF>(74#:(!B47!=9,!'>=>&A!7)'4#7A)'!

>(=>!A=994>!<748&* )!A%&AF>(74#:('!4B!>()&7!4C9E!!

2()!<CompanionClickTracking>!)%);)9>!&'!#')*!>4!>7=AF!A%&AF'!&9!>()!A4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!C()9!>()!

A7)=>&8)!(=9*%)'!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(!#'&9:!=9!&9>)7=A> &8) !5 " H!'# A (!= ' !3 " 5 HU E!

6))!')A>&49!0E0ElE0!B47!*)>=&%'!=$4# >!C( )9 !>4!# ')!>( )!A%&AF>( 74 #: (!=9 * !A%&AF d>7=AF&9:!)%);) 9>'E!

5'!C&>(!=%%!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>'!>(=>!=7)!&;<%);)9>)*/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!')9*!=!7)f#)'>!>4!>()!>7=AF&9:!

\OH!<748&*)*E!J()9!;#%>&<%)!creativeView!>7= AF&9 :!)8) 9>'!= 7)!<74 8&*) */!>() !8&*)4 !<%=, )7!; # '>!')9*!

7)f#)'>'!B47!)=A (!4 B!>()!)8 )9 >'!<74 8&* )* !'&; #%>= 9) 4# '%, !47!='!A%4')!&9!>&;)!='!<4''&$%)E!59,!*)%=,!&9!

')9*&9:!7)f#)'>'!B47!=%%!creativeView!>7= AF&9: !)8) 9>'!; =, !7)'# %>!&9!A4#9>!*&'A7)<=9A&)'!B47!>()!

<=7>&A&<=>&9:!=*!')78)7'E!

5&!@+<0+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

5!<CompanionClickThrough>!)%);)9>!&'!<748&*)*!>4!)9=$%)!=!A%&AF>(74#:(!B47!

S4;<=9&49!A7)=>&8)!>(=>!&'!=!<StaticResource>E!S7)=>&8)!7)'4# 7A)'!>(=>!=7)!

<748&*)*!#9*)7!<IFrameResource>!=9*!<HTMLResource>!A=9!<748&*)!>()&7!4C9!

A%&AF>(74#:(E!

2.3.4 NonLinear Ad Format

\9%&F)!>()!T&9)=7!5*/!>()!Q49T&9)=7!5*!?=%'4!A=%%)*!=9!g48)7%=,h@!*4)'!94>!&9>)77#<>!>()!8&*)4!A49>)9>j!&>!

&'!*&'<%=,) * !C ( &%) !>( ) !8&* ) 4 !A4 9 > )9 > !&'!< %= ,&9 : /!#' # = %%,!=%49:!>()!$4>>4;!4 B!>()!8&*)4!A49>)9>!*&'<%=,!

=7)=E!]9)!47!;47)!<NonLinear>!=*'!;=,!$)!&9A%#*)*!C&>(&9!=!<NonLinearAds>!)%);)9>E!!2()!

'>7#A>#7)!4B!=!Q49T&9)=7!5*!&'!&%%#'>7=> )* !&9 !>( ) !B4 %%4 C &9 : !* &= :7= ;L!

2.3.4.1 NonLinear Resource Elements

V=A(!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>!;=,!(=8)!49)!47!;47)!7)'4#7A)!)%);)9>'!>(=>!;=,!$)!49)!4BL!

<StaticResource>/!<IFrameResource>!47!<HTMLResource>E!V=A(!7)'4# 7A) !)%) ;)9>!<74 8&* ) '!=!

SU525dC7=<<)*!\OH!>4!>()!A7)=>&8)!B&%)!>4!$)!*&'<%=,)*!=9*!*)'A7&$)'!>()!>,<)!4B!;)*&=!#')*!>4!*)%&8)7!

&>E!2()')!7 )' 4 # 7A) !>, < )' != 7) !*) ' A7&$ ) * !$ )%4 CL!

• StaticResource: Describes non-html creative where an attribute for creativeType is used to

identify the creative resource platform. The video player uses the creativeType information to

determine how to display the resource:

o Image/gif, image/jpeg, image/png: displayed using the HTML tag <img> and the

resource URI as the src attribute.

o Application/x-javascript: displayed using the HTML tag <script> and the resource

URI as the src attribute.

o application/x-shockwave-flash: displayed using a Flash™ player

• IFrameResource: Describes a resource that is an HTML page that can be displayed within an

Iframe on the publisher’s page.

• HTMLResource: Describes a “snippet” of HTML code to be inserted directly within the publisher’s

HTML page code.

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

H9!47*)7!>4 !) 9 '# 7) !>( = >!> ( )!8 &* ) 4 !< %= ,) 7!A = 9 !* &'< %= , !=> !%)= ' >!4 9)!Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)/!

;#%>&<%)!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>'!;=,!$)!<748&*)*/!)=A(!A49>=&9&9:!=!*&BB)7)9>!7)'4#7A)!

B&%)E!2()!8&*)4!<%=, )7!'( 4 #%* !<4 %%!)=A (!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>!>4!*)>)7;&9)!C(&A(!

A7)=>&8)!&'!4BB)7)*!&9!=!B47;=>!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!'#<<47>E!

2.3.4.2 Other NonLinear Elements

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)%);)9>'!=7)!=8=&%=$%)!#9*)7!>()!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>L!

• NonLinearClickThrough: provides a URL to an advertiser-related page when the user clicks the ad;

only necessary for static resource files that lack technology to provide a clickthrough

• NonLinearClickTracking: in an InLine, NonLinear creative, this element is used to track NonLinear

clickthroughs in cases where the creative handles the clickthrough, such as when an API like VPAID is

used

• AdParameters: used to pass information to the creative unit; includes the attribute xmlEncoded

that is a Boolean value for identifying whether the <AdParameters> value is xml encoded.

F+,+<.1!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

2()!<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>!B47!Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!&'!<748&*)*!#9*)7!>()!

<NonLinearAds>!)%);)9>/!not!>()!9)'>)*!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>E!

2.3.4.3 NonLinear Attributes

2()!B4%%4C&9:!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!=8=&%=$%)!B47!>()!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>E!

O)f#&7)*!=>>7&$#>)'L!

• width: (required) the pixel width of the placement slot for which the creative is intended

• height: (required) the pixel height of the placement slot for which the creative is intended

! !

]<>&49=%!=>>7&$#>)'L!

• id: an optional identifier for the creative

• expandedWidth: the maximum width in pixels of the creative in its expanded state

• expandedHeight: the maximum height in pixels of the creative in its expanded state

• scalable: a Boolean value that identifies whether the creative can scale to new dimensions relative to

the video player when the video player is resized

• maintainAspectRatio: a Boolean value the identifies whether the aspect ratio of the creative should

be maintained when it is scaled to new dimensions as the video player is resized

• minSuggestedDuration: the minimum suggested duration that the creative should be displayed;

duration is in the format HH:MM:SS.mmm (where .mmm is in milliseconds and is optional)

• apiFramework: the API necessary to communicate with the creative if available

2.3.4.4 Executable Media Files

3562!'#<<47>'!>()!A=')!C()7)!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!&'!=9!g)R)A#>=$%)!B&%)Eh!H9!4>()7!C47*'/!&>!&'!A4*)!>(=>!;#'>!

$)!)R)A#>)*!&9!=!7#9>&;)!)98&749;)9>E!5*!')78)7'!A=9!>=F)!=*8=9>=:)!4B!A)7>=&9!3562!B)=>#7)'!>4!

'<)A&B,!A7)=>&8)!C&>(!A#'>4;!&9>)7=A>&8&>,/!47!C&>(!A#'>4;!>7=AF&9:!$)(=8&47E!W47!)R=;<%)/!=!6JW!B&%)!

)R)A#>)'!&9!>()!W%='(!"%=,)7E!5!+=8=6A7&<>!B&%)!)R)A#>)'!&9!= !C ) $ !$ 74 C ' )7 E!H9 !; 4'>!A=')' !>( ) !

creativeType!=>>7&$#>)!&*)9>&B&)'!>()!)R)A#>=$%)!B&%)!>)A(94%4:,!>4!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7/!)9=$%&9:!>()!

8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!)R)A#>)!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!&B!>()!>)A(94%4 : ,!&' !'# < < 4 7>) * E!!

H9!'4; ) !A= ') ' /!=!3 5 6 2 !7) '<49')!;=,!$)!# ' )*!>4!')9 * !=!B&%) !> ( => !)R ) A# > ) '!# ' &9 :!> ( ) !3 " 5 HU !5 " H!4 7!' 4 ;)!

4>()7!5"H!>4!A4;;#9&A=>)!*,9=;&A=%%,!C&>(!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7E!2()!apiFramework!=>>7&$#>)!A=9!$)!#')* !

>4!'<)A&B,!=9!5"H!#')*!&9!'#A(!A=')'E!"%)=')!'))!(>><LMM&=$E9)>M8<=&*!B47!;47)!&9B4 7; = >&49 !=$ 4# >!3" 5HU E !

H9!4>() 7!A =' ) '/!= 9 !=* !' ) 78 &9 :!' ,' >) ; !;=,!C=9>!>4!')9*!*=>=!>4!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!#'&9:!3562E!W47!)R=;<%)/!

>()!=*!')78)7!;=,!C=9>!>4!>)%%!>()!;)*&=!B&%)!'4;)>(&9:!=$4#>!>()!<%=>B47; !>4!C ( &A(!&>c'!$) &9: !')78) */!

C(=>!')78)7!>4!>=%F!>4/!47!)8)9!C(=>!A7)=>&8)!>4!*&'<%=,E!H9!>(&'!A=')/!>()!=*!')78 )7!A=9!&9A%#*)!= 9!

<AdParameters>!)%);)9>!>(=>!C7=<'!&9B4 7; =>&49 !&9!=!SU 5 25 !$%4AF !B47!>() !)R)A #>= $%)!; ) *&=!B&%)!>4!

7)>7&)8)E!2()!<7)A &')!; )A (=9&';!B47!<=''&9:!>()!5*"=7=;)>)7'!&9B47;=>&49!>4!>()!)R)A#>=$%)!;)*&=!B&%)!

&'!B%)R&$%)!= 9 *!* ) < ) 9* ' !4 9 !>( ) !5 "H!B 7= ; ) C 4 7F !>( = >!&' !# ') * E!

J()9!=!3562!7)'<49')!&'!#')*!>4!')78)!=!3"5HU!=*!#9&>/!>()!<AdParameters>!)%);)9>!&'!A#77)9>%,!>()!

49%,!C=,!>4!<=''!&9B47;=>&49!B74;!>()!3562!7)'<49')!&9>4!>()!3"5HU!4$i)A>j!94!4>()7!;)A(=9&';!&'!

<748&*)*E!!

2.3.4.5 Tracking NonLinear Creative

5!A7&>&A=%!B#9A>&49!4B!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7/!C()9!7)f#)'>&9:!=9*!*&'<%=,&9:!3562!=*'!B74;!=*!')78)7'/!&'!>4!

')9*!>7=AF&9:!&9B47;=>&49!$=AF!>4!>()!=*!')78)7?'@!)R=A>%,!='!'<)A&B&)*!&9!>()!3562!*4A#;)9>E!W=&%#7)!>4!

')9*!=AA#7=>)!>7=AF&9:!*=>=!7)9*)7'!&9A49'&'>)9>!7)'#%>'!$)>C))9!8&*)4!<%=,)7!=9* !=*!')78)7!A4#9>'E!!

2()!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>!'>7#A>#7)!B47!=!Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!&'!&%%#'>7=>)*!&9!=!*&=:7=;!#9*)7!')A>&49!0EDEGE!

Q4>)!>(=>!<TrackingEvents>!=7)!4BB)7)*!=>!>()!'=;)!%)8)%!='!>()!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>E!2(&'!

'>7#A>#7)!;)=9'!>(=>!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'!=7)!<4>)9>&=%%,!=<<%&)*!>4!;#%>&<%)!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>'E!

2,<&A=%%,/!49%,!49)!<NonLinear>!)%);)9>!&'!A(4')9!$,!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!*&'<%=,E!2()!4>()7!

<NonLinear>!)%);)9>'!;=,!$)!<748&*)*!>4!4BB)7!;#%>&<%)!B47;=>' !B4 7!>( ) !8&* ) 4 !< %=, ) 7!>4 !A (4 4 ' )!B 74 ; E!

Z4C)8)7/!&B!;#%>&<%)!<NonLinear>!A7)=>&8)!=7)!*&'<%=,)*/!>()!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>'!;#'>!$)!>7&::)7)*!C()9!

>()!=''4A&=>)* !)8)9 >!4A A#7' !&9!)&>()7!4 7!$4>( !Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!

Tracking Clickthrough Activity in a NonLinear Static Image Creative

5!<NonLinearClickThrough>!)%);)9>!&'!<748&*)*!>4!)9=$%)!=!A%&AF>( 74# :( !49!Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!

')78)*!&9!>()!<StaticResource>!)%);)9>E!6&9A)!4>()7!A7)=>&8)!7)'4#7A)!>,<)'!A=9!&;<%);)9>!>()&7!

4C9!A%&AF>(74#:(!C&>(&9!>()!A7)=>&8)/!>()!<NonLinearClickThrough>!)%);)9>!'(4#%*!49%,!$)!#')*!>4!

<748&*)!A%&AF>(74#:('!B47!'>=>&A!7)'4#7A)!B&%)'E!2()!Q49T&9)=7!A%&AF>(74#:(!\OH!A=9!=%'4!$)!#')*!>4!>7=AF!

>()!A%&AF!&9!;4'>!A=') 'E!

J()9!>()!=*!#9&>!(=9*%)'!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(!#'&9:!=9!5"H!'#A(!='!3"5HU/!>7=AF&9:!>() !A%&AF>(74 #:( !A=9 !$) !

*49)!#'&9:!>()!<NonLinearClickTracking>!)%);)9>E!6))!')A>&49!0E0ElE0!B47!*)>=&%'!=$4#>!C( )9 !>4 !

#')!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(!=9*!A%&AF>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'E!

NonLinear Tracking Events

2()!<TrackingEvents>!)%);)9>!;=,!A49>=&9!49)!47!;47)!<Tracking>!)%);)9>'E!59!event!

=>>7&$#>)!B47!>()!<Tracking>!)%);)9>!)9=$%)'!=*!')78)7'!>4!&9A%#*)!>7=AF&9:!\OH'!B47!)8)9>'!>(), !C= 9>!

>4!>7=AFE!2()!event!=>>7&$#>)!&'!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!>()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!4B!=!<=7>&=%!3562!7)'<49')L!

<![CDATA[http://adserver.com/firstQuartilePixel.gif]>

</Tracking>

</TrackingEvents>

HB!<7)')9 >/!8 &* ) 4 !< %=, ) 7' !')9*!=!7)f#) '>!>4!>()!\ OH!&9!=!<Tracking>!)8)9>!C()9!>()!A477)'<49*&9:!

)8)9>!4AA#7'!&9!>()!<%=,$=AF!4B!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!HB!>()!<Tracking>!)%);)9>!B47!=!<=7>&A#%=7!)8)9>!&'!

94>!<748&*)*!>()9!94!=A>&49!&'!)R<)A>)*!4B!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7E!

F+,+<.1!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

64;)!4B!>()!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>'!4BB)7)*!&9!3562!DE1!=7)!9)C!=9*!94>!A48)7)*!$,!>()!;)>7&A'!

*)B&9)*!&9!>()!011a!H5I!U&:&>=%!3&*)4!H9d6>7)=;!5*!P)>7&A'!U)B&9&>&49'!*4A#;)9>E!Q4!

A49B%&A>!'(4#%*!)R&'>!$)>C))9!;)>7&A'!*)'A7&$)*!&9!>()!>C4!*4A#;)9>'/!$#>!3562!DE1!

4BB)7'!;47)!4<>&49 '!B4 7!>7=AF &9:!= 9* !=< < %,!?='!4 B!>() !7)%)= ') !4B!>( )!>( &'!*4 A# ; ) 9>@!4 9%, !>4!

3562!DE1E!

2()!<Tracking>!)8)9>!>,<)'!=7)!='!B4%%4C'L!!

• creativeView: not to be confused with an impression, this event indicates that an individual creative

portion of the ad was viewed. An impression indicates the first frame of the ad was displayed; however

an ad may be composed of multiple creative, or creative that only play on some platforms and not

others. This event enables ad servers to track which creative are being viewed, and therefore, which

platforms are more common.

•

✝

start: this event is used to indicate that an individual creative within the ad was loaded and playback

began. As with creativeView, this event is another way of tracking creative playback.

•

✝

firstQuartile: the creative played for at least 25% of the total duration.

•

✝

midpoint: the creative played for at least 50% of the total duration.

•

✝

thirdQuartile: the creative played for at least 75% of the duration.

•

✝

complete: the creative played to the end at normal speed.

•

✝

mute: the user activated the mute control and muted the creative.

•

✝

unmute: the user activated the mute control and unmuted the creative.

•

✝

pause: the user clicked the pause control and stopped the creative.

•

✝

rewind: the user activated the rewind control to access a previous point in the creative timeline.

•

✝

resume: the user activated the resume control after the creative had been stopped or paused.

• **fullscreen: the user activated a control to extend the video player to the edges of the viewer’s

screen.

• **exitFullscreen: the user activated the control to reduce video player size to original dimensions.

• expand: the user activated a control to expand the creative.

• collapse: the user activated a control to reduce the creative to its original dimensions.

• acceptInvitation: the user activated a control that launched an additional portion of the creative.

• close: the user clicked the close button on the creative.

• *progress: the creative played for a duration at normal speed that is equal to or greater than the

value provided in an additional attribute for offset. Offset values can be time in the format

HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.mmm or a percentage value in the format n%. Multiple progress events with

different values can be used to track multiple progress points in the Linear creative timeline.

k!P)>7&A'!&9>74*#A)*!&9!3562!DE1E!

kk!2()!expand!=9*!collapse!;)>7&A'!*)'A7&$)*!&9!>()!011a!H5I!U&:&>=%!3&*)4!H9d6>7)=;!5*!P)>7&A'!

U)B&9&>&49'!=7)!#')*!>4!>7=AF!C()9!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!&>')%B!&'!)R<=9*)*!>4!B#%%'A7))9!=9*!A4%%=<')!B74;!

B#%%'A7))9!>4!&>'!47&:&9 =%!'&e) E!24!7);=&9!A4; <%&=9 >!C &>(!>() !011 a!:# &*) %&9) '/!>()')!;)>7&A'!'(4#%*!$)!

#')*!=AA47*&9:%,E!H9!3562!DE1/!>()!;)>7&A'!fullscreen!=9*!exitFullscreen!A=9!$)!#')*/!%)=8&9:!

expand!=9*!collapse!>4!>7=AF!A7)=>&8) !$)( =8 &47!7=>() 7!>(= 9!8&*) 4!< %=,) 7!$)( =8&4 7E!24!# ')!

fullscreen!=9*!exitFullscreen!C(&%)!;=&9>=&9&9:!A4;<%&=9A,!C&>( !>( ) !0 11 a !: # &* )%&9 ) ' /!#' )!= !

A4;;49!>7=AF&9:!\OH!B47!$4>(!fullscreen!=9*!expand!=9*!=94>()7!A4;;49!\OH!B47!

exitFullscreen!=9*!collapseE!

✝

!5'!*)'A7&$)*!$,!>()!011a!H5I!U&:&>=%!3&*)4!H9d6>7)=;!5*!P)>7&A'!U)B&9&>&49'!*4A#;)9>/!>()')!;)>7&A'!

=<<%,!49%,!>4!>()!%&9)=7!<47>&49!4B!=9!=*!%=#9A()*!$,!=!949d%&9)=7!= * !=9 * !* 4 ) '!9 4 >!= < < %,!>4 !> ( )!9 4 9 d

%&9)=7!=*!&> ') %BE!

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

HB!49)!47!; 4 7 )!<Tracking>!)%);)9>'!=7)!<7)')9>!&9!=!A7)=>&8)/!>()!8&*)4!')9*!7)f#)'>'!

>4!>()!\OH!&*)9>&B&)*!&9!>( ) !7) %)8=9 >!<Tracking>!)%); )9>!C()9!>()!A477)'<49*&9:!

)8)9>!4AA#7'!&9!>()!<%=,$=AF!4B!>()!A7)=>&8)E!J()9!;#%>&<%)!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>'!4B!>()!'=;)!

>,<)!=7)!<7)')9>/!7)f# )'>'!; # '>!$ )!')9 >!'&; #%>=9)4 #'%,!?47!=' !A%4') !&9!>&; )!= '!<4 ''&$ %)@!>4!

>()!\OH!<748&*)*!C () 9!>()!A4 77)'< 49 *&9: !)8)9 >!4AA# 7'E!

2.3.5 Ad Pods

5!<4*!4B!=*'!&'!=!')f#)9A)!4B!T&9)=7!=*'!>(=>!=7)!<%=,)*!$=AF!>4!$=AFE!S4;;)7A&=%!$7)=F'!49!23!=7)!

)R=;<%)'!4B!<4*'E!"4*'!=7)!A4;;49%,!#')*!&9!%49:dB47;!8&*)4' !>4!A7)= >)!=!2 3 d%&F)!=*!)R< ) 7&) 9A ) E!

2.3.5.1 Ad Pods and Stand-Alone Ads

5!<4*!4B!=*'!&'!*)'A7&$)*!$,!=!'&9:%)!3562!7)'<49')!C&>(!;#%>&<%)!<Ad>!)%);)9>'/!)=A ( !C&>(!=!* &' >&9 A >!

sequence!=>>7&$#>)/!'>=7>&9:!C&>(!-!=9*!9#;$)7)*!')f#)9>&=%%,E!]9%,!T&9)=7!=*'!A=9!A4;<7&')!=!"4*! =9 *!

=%%!<Ad>!)%);)9>'!C&>(!')f#)9A)!9#;$)7'!=7)!<=7>!4B!>()!"4*E!2()!)RA)<>&49!>4!>(&'!7)f#&7);)9>!&'!>(=>!

>()!%='>!5*!&9!=!"4*!;=,!A49>=&9!=!Q49T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)!&9!=**&>&49!>4!>()!T&9)=7!A7)=>&8)E!5%%!<Ad>!

)%);)9>'!C&>(!94!')f#)9A)!9#;$)7!=7)!94>!<=7>!4B!>()!"4*!=9*!=7)!A49'&*)7)*!>4!$)!'>=9*d=%49)!=*'E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!7)<7)')9>'!>()!'>7#A>#7)!4B!=!3562!7)'<49')!C&>(!>(7))!')f#)9>&=%!=*'!A49'&*)7)*!

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<%=,)7!A=9!A(44')!='!;=9,!47!='!B)C!=*'!='!9))*)*!&9!=!:&8)9!A&7A#;'>=9A)E!6>=9*d=%49)!=*'!;=,!$)!

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<%=,)*!=9*!=7)!*)'A7&$)*!&9!')A>&49!0EGE-E0!

J()9!>()!5*!"4*!&'!')78)*!='!=!'&9:#%=7!H9%&9)!7)'<49')!?C&>(4#>!=!J7=<<)7@/!<%=,&9:!>()!"4*!47!

')%)A>&9:!49)!47!;47)!'>=9*d=%49)!=*'!B74;!>()!$#BB)>!&'!%)B>!>4!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7c'!*&'A7)>&49!=9*!;=,!

&984%8)!&9 '> 7# A> &4 9' !< =' ' )* !>4 !> ( )!< %= ,) 7!$ , !; ) A ( =9 &' ; ' !4#>'&*)!4B!>()!'A4<)!4B!3562E!2()!H5I!3P5"!

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&9B47;= >&4 9 E!

2.3.5.2 Playing a Pod of Ads

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>4!7)>#79/!47!;=R &;# ; !"4*!*#7=>&49@E!

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=*!7)'<49')E!

2.3.5.3 Ad Pod Example

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<VAST>

</VAST>

2.4 General VAST Requirements

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• VAST Wrapper Ads (Ad Server Redirects): enables cross-platform interoperability when

multiple ad serving systems are involved.

• Error Reporting: enables improved diagnostics across the industry, reducing errors and improving

the overall video ad experience for user and for the systems involved.

• Industry Icon Support: enables support for OBA Self-Regulation and other initiatives requiring the

use of an icon.

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2.4.1 Using VAST Wrapper Ads for Ad Server Redirects

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• The first ad server has selected a specific advertiser campaign to fill the inventory. In this case the

redirect instructs the secondary ad server to return specific ads from a particular ad campaign.

• The first ad server is delegating a specific piece of inventory for either a single ad or an entire Pod of

ads to the secondary ad server to fill with any ads that are within an established agreement between

the two parties.

• An ad server may have no Ad to return and may return a redirect to a backfill provider.

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2.4.1.1 General Wrapper Structure

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• <AdSystem>: The name of the system serving the VAST Wrapper response; the attribute version

can be used to identify the VAST version used by the system

• <Impression>: Contains a URI to a tracking resource that is requested when the Inline Ad is

displayed

• <VASTAdTagURI>: The redirecting URI to the next VAST response

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• <Creatives>: Contains a creative element, which describe the Wrapper Ad creative

• <Error>: A URI to a tracking resource that is requested when an error has occurred either in the

Wrapper itself, any subsequent Wrappers, or in the final Inline Ad.

• <Extensions>: A custom XML extension; when used, a custom element should be nested under

<Extensions> to help separate custom XML elements from VAST elements. The following example

includes a custom xml element within the Extensions element.

2.4.1.2 Wrapper Chain and Multiple Ad Management Using Attributes

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• followAdditonalWrappers: a Boolean value that identifies whether subsequent wrappers after a

requested VAST response is allowed. If false, any Wrappers received (i.e. not an Inline VAST response)

should be ignored. Otherwise, VAST Wrappers received should be accepted.

• allowMultipleAds: a Boolean value that identifies whether multiple ads are allowed in the

requested VAST response. If true, both Pods and stand-alone ads are allowed. If false, only the first

stand-alone Ad (i.e. no sequence value for the Ad) in the requested VAST response is allowed.

• fallbackOnNoAd: a Boolean value that provides instruction for using an available Ad when the

requested VAST response returns no ads. If true, the video player should select from any stand-alone

ads available. If false and the Wrapper represents an Ad in a Pod, the video player should move on to

the next Ad in a Pod; otherwise, the video player can follow through at its own discretion where no-ad

responses are concerned.

Infinite Loops

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2.4.1.3 Wrapper Creative

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2.4.1.4 Linear Creative Format within a Wrapper

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2.4.1.5 NonLinear Creative Format within a Wrapper

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2.4.1.6 Companion Creative Format in Wrapper Ads

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2.4.1.7 Wrapper Conflict Management and Precedence

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2.4.2 Error Reporting

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*)8)%4<;)9>!48)7!>&;)E!HB!=*!')78)7'!A=9!A 4%%) A >!; 4 7) !*) >= &%)* !&9 B4 7; = >&4 9 !=$ 4 # >!C ( ,!>( )&7 !=* '!4 7!

'<)A&B&A!A7)=>&8)!A4#%*9c>!$)!')78)*/!>(),!A=9!&;<748)!>()&7!','>);'!>4!<74* #A)!B)C )7!)7747'E!!

2()!<Error>!)%);)9>!&'!=9!4<>&49=%!)%);)9>!9)'>)*!C&>(&9!>()!<InLine>!47!<Wrapper>!)%);)9>E!

H>!&'!#')* !>4 !> 7= AF !)7 74 7' !B4 7!= 9 !5*E!59!) 774 7!B4 7!= 9!H9 %&9 )!5*!>(=>!&'!<=7>!4B!=!A(=&9!4B!C 7= << )7!=* '!

C&%%!<74*#A)!=9!)7747!B47!)=A(!4B!>()!C7=<<)7'!#')*!>4!')78)!>()!H9%&9)!5*E!

59!<Error>!)%);)9>!&'!=%'4!<748&*)*!=>!>()!744>!3562!%)8)%!=9*!&'!<7&;=7&%,!#')*!>4!7)<47>!=!gQ4!

5*h!7)'<49')E!6))!')A>&49!0EGE0EG!B47!;47)!&9B47; =>&4 9E!!

2.4.2.1 Ad Server Details: <Error> Element

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>7=AF&9:!7)'4#7A )!&'!A=%%)*!C ( )9 !>()!8&*) 4!< %=,)7!&'!#9 =$ %)!>4!*&'< %=,!>( )!5*E!!

! !

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!&'!=!'=;<%)!3562!7)'<49')!>(=>!&9A%#*)'!>()!<Error>!)%);)9>!B47!=9!H9%&9)!

5*E!

…

<Error>

<![CDATA[http://adserver.com/error.gif]>

</Error>

…

</InLine>

HB!>()!=* !') 78 ) 7!C = 9 >' !>4 !A 4 %%)A>!; 4 7)!'< )A&B&A!*) >=&%'!=$4 # >!>()!)7747!B74;!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!?='!%&'>)*!&9!

')A>&49!0EGE0ED@/!=9![ERRORCODE]!;=A74!A=9!$)!&9A%#*)*!&9!>()!\OHE!!

2.4.2.2 Video Player Details

HB!=9!)774 7!4 A A# 7 '!C(&%)!>7,&9 : !>4 !%4=*!=9 !5*!=9*!>()!<Error>!)%);)9>!&'!<7 4 8&* ) * /!>( )!8&* )4 !<%=,) 7!

;#'>L!!

• O)f#)'>!>()!)7747!'4#7A)!B&%)!#'&9:!>() !\O H!<74 8&* )* E!

• O)<%=A)!>()![ERRORCODE]!;=A74/!&B!<748&*)*/!C&>(!>()!=<<74<7&=>)!)7747!A4*)!%&'>)*!&9!>()!

>=$%)!&9!')A>&49!0EGE0EDE!5>!=!;&9 &;#;/!)77 4 7!A4* )!900 (Unidentified error)!A=9!$)!

#')*/!$#>!=!;47)!'<)A&B&A!)7747!A4*)!$)9)B&>'!=%%!<=7>&)'!&984%8)*E!

HB!>()!5*!C='!')78)*!=B>)7!=!A(=&9!4B!J7=<<)7!5*!7)'<49')'/!>()!8&*)4!<%= ,)7!; # '>!=%'4 !7)>#79 !)774 7!

*)>=&%'!='!%&'>)*!=$48)!B47!)=A(!J7=<<)7!7)'<49')!>(=>!=%'4!&9A%#* )'!)774 7!<=7= ; )>) 7'E! P=A74!

7)'<49')'!; # '>!$) !A477) A>%,!<) 7A)9 >d)9A4*)*!<)7!OWS!D.auE!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!>=$%)!%&'>'!3562!DE1!)7747!A4*)'!=9*!>()&7!*)'A7&<>&49'E!

2.4.2.3 VAST Error Codes Table

:'&+

7+%(<$2-$',

-11

^PT!<=7'&9:!)7747E!

-1-

3562!'A();=!8=%&*=>&49!)7747E!

-10

3562!8)7'&49!4B!7)'<49')!94>!'#<<47>)*E

011

27=BB&AF&9:!)7747E!3&*)4!<%=,)7!7)A)&8)*!=9!5*!>,<)!>(=>!&>!C='!94>!)R<)A >&9:!=9 *M4 7!A=9 94 >!

*&'<%=,E

01-

3&*)4!<%=,)7!)R<)A>&9:!*&BB)7)9>!%&9)=7&>,E

010

3&*)4!<%=,)7!)R<)A>&9:!*&BB)7)9>!*#7=>&49E

01D!

3&*)4!<%=,)7!)R<)A>&9:!*&BB)7)9>!'&e)E!

D11

K)9)7=%!J7=<<)7!)7747E

:'&+

7+%(<$2-$',

D1-

2&;)4#>!4B!3562!\OH!<748&*)*!&9!J7=<<)7!)%);)9>/!47!4B!3562!\OH!<748&*)*!&9!=!'#$')f#)9>!

J7=<<)7!)%);)9>E!?\OH!C='!)&>()7!#9=8=&%=$%)!47!7)=A()*!=!>&;)4 # >!='!*)B&9)*!$,!>()!8&*)4!

<%=,)7E@

D10

J7=<<)7!%&;&>!7)=A()*/!='!*)B&9 ) * !$ , !>( ) !8 &* ) 4 !< % =, ) 7 E!2 44!;=9,!J7=<<)7!7)'<49')'!(=8)!

$))9!7)A)&8)*!C&>(!94!H9T&9)!7)'<49')E!

D1D

Q4!5*'!3562!7)'<49')!=B>)7!49) !47!; 47) !J 7=< <) 7'E!

G11

K)9)7=%!T&9)=7!)7747E!3&*)4!<%= ,) 7!&' !#9 =$%)!>4!*&'<%=,!>()!T&9)=7!5*E

G1-

W&%)!94>!B4#9*E!\9=$%)!>4!B&9*!T&9)=7MP)*&=W&%)!B74;!\OHE

G10

2&;)4#>!4B!P)*&=W&%)!\OHE

G1D

S4#%*9c>!B&9*!P)*&=W&%)!>(=>!&'!'#<<47>)*!$,!>(&'!8&*)4!<%=,)7/!$=')*!49!>()!=>>7&$#>)'!4B!>()!

P)*&=W&%)!)%);)9>E

G1l

"74$%);!*&'<%=,&9:!P)*&=W&%)E!3&*)4!<%=,)7!B4#9*!=!P)*&=W&%)!C&>(!'#<<47>)*!>,<)!$#>!

A4#%*9c>!*&'<%=,!&>E!P)*&=W&%)!;=,!&9A%#*)L!#9'#<<47>)*!A4*)A'/!*&BB)7)9>!PHPV!>,<)!>(=9!

MediaFile@type/!#9'#< <47>)* !* ) %&8 ) 7, !;)>(4 * /!)>AE

l11

K)9)7=%!Q49T&9)=75*'!)7747E

l1-

\9=$%)!>4!*&'<%=,!Q49T&9)=7!5*!$)A=#')!A7)=>&8)!*&;)9'&49'!*4!94>!=%&:9!C&>(!A7)=>&8)!

*&'<%=,!=7)=!?&E)E!A7)=>&8)!*&;)9'&49!>44 !%=7:)@E

l10

\9=$%)!>4!B)>A(!Q49T&9)=75*'MQ49T&9)=7!7)'4#7A)E

l1D

S4#%*9c>!B&9*!Q49T&9)=7!7)'4#7A)!C&>(!'#<< 47>) *!>,< )E

u11

K)9)7=%!S4;<=9&495*'!)7747E

u1-

\9=$%)!>4!*&'<%=,!S4;<=9&49!$)A=#')!A7)=>&8)!*&;)9'&49'!*4!94>!B&>!C&>(&9!S4;<=9&49!

*&'<%=,!=7)=!?&E)E/!94!=8=&%=$%) !'< = A) @E

u10

\9=$%)!>4!*&'<%=,!O)f#&7)*!S4;<=9&49E

u1D

\9=$%)!>4!B)>A(!S4;<=9&495*'MS4;<=9&49!7)'4#7A)E

u1G

S4#%*9c>!B&9*!S4;<=9&49!7)'4#7A)!C&>(!'#<< 47>) *!>,< )E

.11

\9*)B&9)*!V7747E

.1-

K)9)7=%!3"5HU!)7747E

2.4.2.4 No Ad Response

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<VAST>!)%);)9>!C&>(!4<>&49=%!<Error>!)%);)9>/!='!'(4C9!$)%4CL!

<Error>

<![CDATA[http://adserver.com/noad.gif]>

</Error>

</VAST>

2()!3562!<Error>!)%);)9>!&'!4<>&49=%!$#>!&B!&9A%#*)*/!> ( )!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!')9*!=!7)f#)'>!>4!>()!\OH!

<748&*)*!C()9!>()!3562!7)'<49')!7)>#79'!=9!);<>,!H9T&9)!7)'<49')!=B>)7!=!A(=&9!4B!49)!47!;47)!

C7=<<)7!=*'E!HB!=9![ERRORCODE]!;=A74!&'!&9A%#*)*/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!'#$'>&>#>)!C&>(!)7747!A4*)!

303E!

I)'&*)'!>()!3562!%)8)%!<Error>!7)'4#7A)!B&%)/!94!4>()7!>7=AF&9 :!7)'4 # 7A)!7)f # )'>'!=7) !7)f #&7)* !4B!>() !

8&*)4!<%=,)7!&9!=!94d=*!7)'<49')!&9!)&>()7!>()!H9%&9)!5*!47!=9,!J7=<<)7!=*'E!

2.4.3 Industry Icon Support

6)8)7=%!&9&>&=>&8)'!&9!>()!=*8)7>&'&9:!&9*#'>7,!&984%8)!#'&9:!=9!&A49!>(=>!48)7%=,'!49!>4<!4B!=9!5*!A7)=>&8)!

>4!<748&*)!'4;)!)R>)9*)*!B#9A>&49=%&>,!'#A(!='!>4!A4;;#9&A=>)!C&>(!A49'#;)7'!47!4>()7C&')!B#%B&%%!

7)f#&7);) 9>'!4 B!=!'<) A&B&A!&9&>&=>&8) E!]B>) 9!>( &'!&A49 !=9* !&>'!B#9A >&49 =%&>,!; =, !$)!< 748 &*)* !$, !=!8)9 *4 7/!

=9*!&'!94>!9)A)''=7&%,!')78)*!$,!>()!=*!')78)7!47!&9A%#*)*!&9!>()!A7)=>&8)!&>')%BE!!!

]9)!)R=;<%)!4B!&A49!#')!&'!B47!A4;<%&=9A)!>4!A)7>=&9!U&:&>=%!5*8)7>&'&9:!5%%&=9A)!?U55@!')%Bd7):#%=>47,!

<7&9A&<%)'!B47!49%&9)!$)(=8&47=%!=*8)7>&'&9:!?]I5@E!2(&'!')A>&49!<748&*)'!=9!48)78&)C!4B!(4C!8&*)4!

<%=,)7'!A=9!'#<<47>!>()!#')!4B!&A49'!&9!=!:)9)7=%!;=99)7!C(&%)!#'&9:!>()!U55c'!5*8)7>&'&9:!]<>&49!&A49/!

A4;;49%,!F94C9 !='!>()!g5*S(4&A)'h!&A49/!='!=!'<)A&B&A!)R=;<%)E!!!

2.4.3.1 Icon Use Case: AdChoices for Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA)

2()!U55!')>'!B47>(!<7&9A&<%)'!>(=>!)9*)=847!>4!:&8)!A49'#;)7'!=!$)>>)7!#9*)7'>=9*&9:!4B!=9*!:7)=>)7!

A49>74%!48)7!=*'!>(=>!=7)!A#'>4;&e)*!$=')*!49!>()!A49'#;)7c'!49%&9)!$)(=8&47E!2(&'!A49>74%!&'!;=*)!

=8=&%=$%)!>4!>()!A49'#;)7!&9!>( )!B47; !4 B!>()!5*S(4&A)'!&A49/!C(&A(!&'!*&'<%=,)*!&9!=!<74;&9)9>!%4A=>&49!

&9!47!=74# 9 * !>( ) !5*!A7)=>&8)E!!J()9!=!A49'#;)7!A%&AF'!>()!&A49/!>(),!;=,!$)!4BB)7)*L!&9B47;=>&49!=$4#>!

>()!=*!')78)7!=9*!*=>=!<748&*)7'!#')*!>4!')%)A>!>()!5*/!4<>&49'!>4!%)=79!;47)!=$4#>!]I5/!=9*!>()!=$&%&>,!

B47!A49'#; ) 7'!>4!4< >!4# >!B74; !7) A)&8 &9:!] I 5!= *'!&9 !>()!B# >#7) E! !

2.4.3.2 The <Icons> Element

3562!DE1!&9>74*#A)'!>()!mHA49'n!)%);)9>/!C(&A(!&'!4BB)7)*!#9*)7!>()!mT&9)=7n!A7)=>&8)!)%);)9>!B47!$4>(!

H9%&9)!=9 * !J7=<< )7 !=* ' E!!

! !

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!&%%#'>7=>)'!>()!:)9)7=%!<74A)''!B47!(4C!>()!mHA49'n!)%);)9>!&'!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!=!

3562!7)'<49')E!

2()!HA49!"748&*)7!6)78)7!7)<7)')9>)*!&9!>(&'!*&=:7=;!;=,!$)!>()!'=;)!')78)7!>(=>!')78)'!>()!3562!

7)'<49')!$# >!; 47) !A4;;49%,/!&'!=!8)9 * 47!>(= >!')78) '!>() !&A49 !B74; !&>'!4C9!','>);'E!

J()9!>()!<Icons>!)%);)9>!&'!&9A%#*) *!&9 !> ( )!3 5 6 2 !7) '< 4 9 ') /!>( )!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!*&'<%=,!>()!4$i)A>!

='!=9!48)7%=,!49!>4<!4B!>()!T&9)=7!5*!C&>(!C(&A(!>()!&A49!&'!')78)*!=9*!=B>)7!>()!=*!8&*)4!(='!'>=7>)*!

?&E)E!B&7'>!B7=;)!4B!8&*)4 !&'!*&'<%=,)*!&9!>()!< %= ,) 7@E!!

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

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>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4# %*!94 >!<7) dB)>A(!>()!&A49!7)'4 # 7A) !#9 >&%!>()!7) '4 #7A) !A= 9!$ )!

*&'<%=,)*E!"7)dB)>A(&9:!>()!&A4 9!7)'4 #7A )!; =, !A=# ')!>() !&A49 !<74 8&*) 7!>4!B=%') %,!7)A4 7*!=9 !

&A49!8&)C !C ( )9 !> ( )!&A 4 9 !; = , !9 4 >!( = 8) !$ )) 9 !* &'< %= ,) * E!

2.4.3.3 Attributes for the <Icon> Element

2()!<Icons>!)%);)9>!C='!*)'&:9)*!>4!'#<<47>!;#%>&<%)!&9*#'>7,!&9&>&=>&8)'!>(=>!&984%8)!&A49'E!2()!;4'>!

<7)8=%)9>!&9&>&=>&8)!=>!>()!7)%)=')!4B!3562!DE1!C='!>()!5*S(4&A)'!<74:7=;!&9!>()!\6E!Z4C)8)7/!4>()7!

<74:7=;'!)R&'>!=9*!B#>#7)!<74:7=;'!;=,!*)8)%4<E!

24!'#<<47>!;#%>&<%)!&A49!<74:7=;'/!>()!<Icons>!)%);)9>!;=,!&9A%#*)!;#%>&<%)!<Icon>!)%);)9>'E!V=A(!

<Icon>!)%);)9>!&9A%#*)'!=>>7&$#>)'!>4!>)%%!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!(4C!>4!*&'<%=,!>()!&A49!C()9!;#%>&<%)!&A49'!

=7)!&9A%#*)*!='!C)%%!='!C(=>!>4!*4!C()9!;#%>&<%)!&A49'!4B!>()!'=;)!<74:7=;!=7)!')78)*!C&>(!=9!5*!?='!

C()9!=!A(=&9!4B!C7=<<)7!=*'!)=A(!&9A%#*)!>()&7!4C9!&A49'@E!U)>=&%'!=$4#>!(=9*%&9:!<7)A)*)9A)!=9*!&A49!

A4%%&'&49'!A=9!$)!7)=*!&9!')A>&49 !0EGEDEuE!O)f# &7) * !=>>7 &$# >) '!&9 * &A= >) !<7 4: 7= ; /!'&e )!= 9 *!* &'< %= ,!%4 A =>&4 9 E!

5**&>&49!4<>&49=%!=>>7&$#>)'!)9=$%)!4>()7!*)>=&%'!B47!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7E!

! !

2()!B4%%4C&9:!<Icon>!)%);)9>!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!7)f#&7)*L!

• program: Identifies the industry initiative that the icon supports. When icon elements of multiple

programs are served in a chain of Wrapper ads, the video player uses this information to display only

one icon from each program.

• height: The height (in pixels) of the icon to be overlaid on the Ad.

• width: The width (in pixels) of the icon to be overlaid on the Ad.

• xPosition: The horizontal alignment location (in pixels) that the video player uses to place the top-left

corner of the icon relative to the ad display area (not necessarily the video player display area).

Accepted values are “left,” “right,” or a numeric value (in pixels). A value of “0” (zero) is the

leftmost point of the ad display area.

• yPosition: The vertical alignment location (in pixels) that the video player uses to place the top-left

corner of the icon relative to the ad display area (not necessarily the video player display area).

Accepted values are “top,” “bottom,” or a numeric value (in pixels). A value of “0” (zero) is the

topmost point of the ad display area.

2()!xPosition!=9*!yPosition!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!#')*!>4!<4'&>&49!>()!&A49!7)%=>&8)!>4!>()!*&'<%=,!=7)=!4B!

>()!5*!?94>!9)A)''=7&%,!>()!48)7=%%!8&*)4!<%=,)7!*&'<%=,!=7)=@E!HB!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!&'!7)'&e)*/!>()')!8=%#)'!

'(4#%*!$)!#')*!>4!7)<4'&>&49!>()!&A49!7)%=>&8)!>4!>()!9)C!*&'<%=,!=7)=!4B!>()!5*E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!<Icon>!)%);)9>!=>>7&$#>)'!=7)!4<>&49=%L!

• apiFramework: The API needed to execute the Icon creative, if applicable.

• offset: Start time (in HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.mmm format) for when the video player should display

the icon. The time indicated is offset from when the icon’s associated <Linear> creative is first

displayed to users.

• duration: The amount of time (in HH:MM:SS or HH:MM:SS.mmm format), for which the video player

should display the icon. If not present, the video player should display the icon while the ad is

displayed or until the user interacts with the ad or the icon.

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

4*21+*+, - .- $' , !L ' -+ !

2()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!'(4#%*!*&'<%=,!>()!&A49!)%);)9>!B47!='!%49:!='!>()!=*!&'!*&'<%=,)*!47!#9>&%!

>()!#')7!&9>)7=A>'!C&>(!=* !47!>()!&A4 9E!HB!>()! duration!=>>7&$#>)!&'!&9A%#*)*/!>()9!>()!

&A49!'(4#%*!$)!*&'<%=,)*!B47!>()!*#7=>&49!&9*&A=>)*E!

2.4.3.4 Structure of the <Icons> Element

2()!<Icons>!)%);)9>!&'!=!A49>=&9)7!B47!49)!47!;47)!<Icon>!)%);)9>'E!V=A(!<Icon>!)%);)9>!;#'>!

A49>=&9!=!7)'4#7A)!)%);)9>!>(=>!&'!49)!4BL!<StaticResource>/!<IFrameResource>/!47!

<HTMLResource>E!2()!7)'4# 7A ) !)%) ; ) 9 >!; # ' >!A4 9 >= &9!= !SU525!)%) ; ) 9 >!>( => !&9A %# *) '!>( ) !\OH!>4!>()!

&A49!7)'4 # 7A )!B&%) E !]<>&49=%!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'!=7)!=%'4!<748&*)*!'4!>(=>!>()!&A49!<748&*)7!A=9!>7=AF!8&)C'!

=9*!A%&AF'E!!

! !

2()!B4%%4C&9:!*&=:7=;!&%%#'>7=>)'!>()!'>7#A>#7)!4B!>()!<Icon>!)%);)9>E!U='()*!A499)A>47!%&9)'!

7)<7)')9>!4< >&49 =%!)%);)9>'E!!

2.4.3.5 Icon Clicks and Tracking

]9)!A4;;49!:4=%!4B!<74:7=;'!>(=>!#')!8&*)4!=*!&A49'!&'!>4!<748&*)!A49'#;)7'!C&>(!&9B47;=>&49E!2(&'!

&9B47;= >&4 9 !A =9 !$ ) !$ # &%>!&9 >4 !>( ) !7) '4 # 7A )!B &%)!&;<%); )9 > ) *!B47!>()!&A49/!47!=9!=**&>&49=%!\OH!A=9!$)!

<748&*)*!>(=>!4<)9'!=!<=:)!C()9!>()!#')7!A%&AF'!>()!&A49E!2()!<Icon>!)%);)9>!&9A%#*)'!=9!4<>&49=%!

<IconClicks>!)%);)9>!#')*!>4!%4=*!=9!&9B47;=>&49=%!<=:)!&9!=!9)C!C&9*4C!='!C)%%!='!>7=AF!C()9!

#')7'!A%&AF)*!>()!=*E!

2()!<IconClicks>!)%);)9>!&'!4<>&49=%/!$#>!&B!<748&*)*!;#'>!&9A%#*)!49)!<IconClickThrough>!

)%);)9>!>(=>!A49>=&9'!=!SU525dC7=<<)*!\OH!>4!>()!&9B47;= >&49!< =:) E!2() !8&*) 4!<%= ,)7!; # '>!%4=* !>(&'!

<=:)!&9!=!9)C!C&9*4C!C()9!>()!#')7!A%&AF'!>()!&A49E!HB!>()!HA49!7)'4#7A)!&'!=!'A7&<>)*!B&%)/!'#A(!='!

W%='(s/!>()!7)'4#7A)!B&%)!;=,!(=9*%)!>()!A%&AF>(74#:(!*)>=&%'!=9*!;=,!94>!9))*!>4!#')!>()!

<IconClicks>!)%);)9>E!

]<>&49=%%,/!>()!<IconClicks>!)%);)9>!;=,!=%'4!&9A%#*)!49)!47!;47)!<IconClickTracking>!

)%);)9>'!#')*!B47!>7=AF&9:!A%&AF'/!)=A(!C&>(!&>'!4C9!SU525dC7=<<)*!\OH!>4!=!>7=AF&9:!7)'4 # 7A)E!J ( )9 !

>()!#')7!A%&AF'!>()!&A49 /!>()!8&*) 4!< %=,) 7!'&;# %>=9) 4# '%,!%4= *'!>( )!<IconClickThrough>!\OH!&9!= !9 )C!

C&9*4C!=9*!>()!>7=AF&9:!7)'4#7A)'!B47!=9,!<IconClickTracking>!)%);)9>'E!2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R = ; < %) !

'(4C'!=!'&;<%&B&)*!')A>&49!4B!=!3562!7)'<49')!C() 7)!>()!mHA49n!)%);) 9>!#')'!>()!<IconClicks>!

)%);)9>E!

<Icon>

…

<![CDATA[http://iconprovider.com/info]>

</IconClickThrough>

<![CDATA[http://iconprovider.com/click.gif]>

</IconClickTracking>

</IconClicks>

</Icon>

24!>7=AF!&A49!8&)C'!?'&;&%=7!>4!>7=AF&9:!&;<7)''&49'!B47!=*'@/!>()!<Icon>!)%);)9>!<748&*)'!=9!4<>&49=%!

<IconViewTracking>!)%);)9>E!2(&'!)%);)9>!'(4#%*!A49>=&9!=!SU525dC7=< <) *!\OH!>4!=!>7=A F&9:!

7)'4#7A)!>(=>!>( )!8&*) 4!< %=,) 7!; #'>!%4 =* !49%, !after!>()!&A49!&'!8&'&$%)!>4!>()!# ')7E!HB!=!>&;) !4BB')>!8= %#) !&'!

&9*&A=>)* !# ' &9 :!> ( )!offset!=>>7&$#>)!&9!>()!<Icon>!)%);)9>/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!C&>((4%*!%4=*&9:!

>()!>7=AF&9:!7)'4# 7A) !#9>&%!>() !>&;) !&9*&A= >)*E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!B4A#')'!49!>()!<IconViewTracking>!)%);)9>!&9!=!3562!7)'<49')!C()7)!>()!

mHA49n!)%);)9>!&9A%#*)'!>()!offset!=>>7&$#>)L!

…

<![CDATA[http://iconprovider.com/view.gif]>

</IconViewTracking>

</Icon>

2()!>7=AF&9:!7)'4#7A)!B47!>()!<IconViewTracking>!)%);)9>!&9!>()!)R=;<%)!=$48)!'(4#%*!94>!$)!

%4=*)*!# 9 > &%!l!' ) A4 9 * '!= B> )7!> ( )!A 7) = >&8) !' )78 ) * !C &>( !> () !&A 4 9!&' !8&' &$ %) !>4 !>( ) !# ') 7E!

2.4.3.6 Precedence and Conflict Management:

5'!=9!5*!:4)'!>(74#:(!=!*)%&8)7,!A(=&9/!A4;<=9&)'!;=,!&9A%#*)!>()&7!4C9!HA49!)%);)9>!&9!>()&7!C7=<<)7!

7)'<49')'E!64 ; )>&;)'!>()')!; #%>&<%) !&A49 !)%); ) 9>' !=7)!=%%!B47!>( )!'=; ) !<74 :7=;!=9*!>()!8&*) 4!< %=,) 7!

;#'>!*)A&*)!49!49%,!49)!&A49!>4!*&'<%=,E!J()9!&A49!)%);)9>'!7)<7)')9>!;47)!>(=9!49)!<74:7=;/!49)!

&A49!B74;!)=A(!< 74 :7 =;!'(4#%*!$)!*&'<%=,)*E!!

2()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!#')!&>'!4C9!$#'&9)''!7#%)'!>4!*)A&*)!C(&A(!&A49!>4!*&'<%=,/!=%49:!C&>(!=9,!'<)A&B&A!

<74:7=;!7)A4;;)9*=>&49'E!W47!)R=;<%)/!C()9!;#%>&<%)!5*S(4&A)'!&A49'!=7)!4BB)7)*/!>()!U55!<74:7=;!

7)A4;; )9 * =>&49 !&'!>4!')%) A>!>() !&A49 !>(=>!&'!A%4' )'>!>4!>( )!A7) =>&8) E!24!A4 ; <%,!C &>(!>( )!5* S( 4 &A)'!

<74:7=;!C()9!;#%>&<%)!5*S(4&A)'!&A49'!=7)!')78)*/!>()!8&*) 4 !<%=,)7!;#'>!A( 4 4 ' ) !>( ) !&A 4 9!A%4')' >!>4!>()!

A7)=>&8)E!

HB!94!4>( ) 7!7 # %)' !: 4 8) 79 !> ( ) !') %) A>&4 9!4B!C( &A( !&A 4 9 !>4 !* &' < %= ,/!>()!8&*)4 !< %= ,) 7!'(4#%*!A(4 4')!>()!49)!

A%4')'>!>4!>()!A7)=>&8)E!2(=>!&'/!&B!>()!<Icon>!)%);)9>!&'!&9A%#*)*!C&>(&9!>()!H9%&9)!5*/!>()9!>(= >!&A 4 9 !& '!

>()!A%4')'>!>4!>()!A7) =>&8)E!Z 4C ) 8)7/!&B!>()!H9%&9) !5*!A49>=&9'!94!<Icon>!)%); )9>/!$#>!>()!%='>!J7=<<)7!

5*!&9!=!A(= &9 !4 B!J7=<<)7' !* &* !A4 9 >= &9 !> ()!<Icon>!)%);)9>/!>()9!>()!&A49!B74;!>(=>!%='>!J7=<<)7!5*!&'!

>()!49)!A%4')'>!>4 !>()!A7) =>&8) E!

J()9!;#%>&<%)!&A49'!B74;!;47)!>(=9!49)!&A49!<74:7=;!&'!&9A%#*)*!&9!=!A(=&9!4B!J7=<<)7!=*'/!>()!8&*)4!

<%=,)7!;#'>!*)A&*)!C(&A(!&A49!B74;!)=A(!<74:7=;!'(4#%*!$)!*&'<%=,)*E!5:=&9/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!#')!

&>'!4C9!$ # ' &9 )' '!7 #%) ' j!( 4C)8)7/!>() !&A4 9 ' !;#'>!94> !4 8) 7%= < !)= A( !4 > () 7E!HB !=%%!< 74 : 7= ; !&A 4 9 '!# ' )!> ( )!

'=;)!xPosition!=9*!yPosition!8=%#)'/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!A=9!#')!width!=9*!height!=>>7&$#>)!8=%#)'!

>4!4BB')>!A447*&9 =>)'!7)%= >&8)!>4!>( )!*&'< %=,!=7) =!4B!>( )!5*!A7)=>&8)E!

9$&+'!J1.3+<!

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5!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;=,!94>!$)!=$%)!>4!*&'<%=,!=9!HA49!$#>!'(4#%*!;=F)!)8)7,!=>>);<>!>4!*4!'4E!!

2.4.3.7 Icons in NonLinear and Companion Ads

2()!)R&'>&9:!3562!)%);)9>'!B47!<NonLinearAds>!=9*!<CompanionAds>!A=9!)=A(!&9A%#*)!;# %>&<%)!

<NonLinear>!47!<Companion>!)%);)9>'/!7)'<)A>&8)%,/!C(&A(!)9=$%)'!=*!')78)7'!>4!&9A%#*)!&A49'!C&>(!

>()')!A7)=>&8)!>,< )'!C&>(4#>!#'&9:!>()!<Icon>!)%);)9>E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!)R=;<%)!4B!=!A7)=>&8)!)%);)9>!'(4C'!(4C!=9!&9*#'>7,!&A49!A=9!$)!&;<%); )9>)*!B47!

Q49T&9)=7!=*'L!

</NonLinear>

</NonLinear>

</NonLinearAds>

</Creative>

2.4.4 Macros

64;)>&;)'!=*!')78)7'!C4#%*!%&F)!>4!A4%%)A>!;)>=*=>=!B74;!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!C()9!>7=AF&9:!)8)9>!\OH'!

=7)!=AA)'')*E!W47!)R=;<%)/!>()!<4'&>&49!4B!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!<%=,()=*!=>!>()!>&;)!=!>7=AF&9: !)8)9 >!\O H!&'!

=AA)'')*!&'!#')B#%!>4 !> ( )!= * !') 78 )7 !=9 * !&' !* => =!> (= > !A= 9 !4 9%, !$ ) !F9 4 C 9 != >!>( ) !>&;)!4B!>() !< 7) 'A 7&$ ) * !

>7=AF&9:!)8)9>E!2( &'!*=>= !A=9 94 >!$) !$#&%>!&9>4!>( )!\O H!=>!>() !>&;) !>()!3 56 2!7)'< 49 ') !&'!$#&%>!=9* !')78) *E!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!;=A74'!)9=$%)!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>4!<748&*)!A)7>=&9!*)>=&%'!>4!>()!=*!')78)7!=>!>()!>&;)!

>7=AF&9:!\OH'!=7)!=A A)'' )* E!

TDMMAM :A 7 D UL!7) <%=A)*!C&>(!49)!4B!>()!)7747!A4*)'!%&'>)*!&9!')A>&49!0EGE0ED!C()9!>()!

=''4A&=>)*!)7747!4AA#7'j!7)')78)*!B47!)7747!>7=AF&9:!\OH'E!!

T:AL"D L "J G5 V CD 5 7 UL!7)<%=A)*!C &> ( !>( ) !A # 77) 9 > !>&;)!4BB')> !gHH:MM:SS.mmmh!4B!>()!8&*)4!

A49>)9>E!

T:5:CD6 B @" 4L F UL!7) < %=A ) * !C &> (!=!7=9*4;!ad*&:&>!9#;$)7E!!

T5@@D"B M 4UL!7)< %= A) * !C&>(!>() !\OH!4B!>()!=*!='')>!$)&9:!<%=,)*E!

J()9!7)<%=A&9:!;=A74'/!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!;#'>!A477)A>%,!<)7A)9>d)9A4*)!=9,!A(=7=A>)7'!='!*)B&9)*!$,!

OWS!D.auE!!

3562!*4)'9c>!<748&*)!=9,!:#&*=9A)!49!\OH!B47;=>/!$#>!#'&9:!>()![CACHEBUSTING]!;=A74!'&;<%&B&)'!

>7=BB&AF&9:/!)9=$%&9:!=* !')78) 7'!>4!)= '&%,!')=7A (!=9 *!7) <%=A )!>() !=<< 74 <7&=>) !;= A74 !B47!A=A()!$#'>&9:E!!!

! !

3 Supporting Other Initiatives in VAST

2()!H5I!(='!<74*#A)*!4>()7!:#&*)%&9)'!>(=>!'&;<%&B,!=*!>)A(94%4:,!=9*!4<)7=>&49'E!64;)!:#&*)%&9)'!%&F)!

>()!Video+Ad+Measurement+Guidelines!47!>()!Digital+Video+Ad+Format+and+Best+Practices+Guidelines!C47F!

>4:)>()7!C&>(!3 56 2!=9 * !=7)!=9!&9>):7=%!<=7>!4B!&;<748&9:!>()!8&*)4!=*8)7>&'&9:!)R<)7&)9A)!=9*!

4<)7=>&49'E!64;)!:#&*)%&9)'!4<)7=>)!&9*)<)9*)9>%,!4B!3562!$#>!;=,!)9(=9A)!3562!B#9A>&49=%&>,!47!;=,!

9))*!3562!'#<<47>!>4!B#9A>&49!=<<74<7&=>)%,E!!

S#77)9>%,/!>C4!H5I!:#&*)%&9)'!B=%%!#9*)7!>(&'!%&'>L!

• 9$&+'!=)1-$W5&!J1.31$%-!X9=5JYH!5!')>!4B!:#&*)%&9)'!>(=>!)9(=9A)'!3562!>4!=BB47*!=9!=*!')78)7!

'4;)!A49>74%!48)7!>()!&98)9>47,!')78)*!>4!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7!HW!>()!=*d')78&9:!<=7>,!(='!)9>)7)*!

&9>4!=9!= : 7)) ;)9>!C&> ( !>( ) !8&* ) 4 !<%= , )7 !<# $ %&' ( )7 !>4 !* 4!' 4 E!6 #A ( !'&> # => &4 9' !=7)! A4 ;; 4 9!&9!

)9>)7>=&9;)9>!<74:7=;;&9:!C()7)!>()!=*d')78&9:!<=7>,!;=,!<74*#A)!47!4C9!7&:(>'!>4!>()!8&*)4!

)9>)7>=&9;)9>!A49>)9>E!5!<#$%&'()7!;=,!=%'4!#')!3P5"!>4!<74:7=;!=*!$7)=F'!C&>(&9!>()!8&*)4!

A49>)9>E!

• 4*2<+ %% $' , !DK ( # . ,8 + !@ ' 1) -$' , !X4D @Y H!5!')>!4B!:#&*)%&9)'!>(=>!=<<%&)'!>4!*&:&>=%!=*8)7>&'&9:!&9!

:)9)7=%E!HV6!)9=$%)'!=%&:9;)9>!49!&;<7)''&49!A4#9>'!$)>C))9!<#$%&'()7!=9*!=*8)7>&')7/!

7)*#A&9:!*&'A7) <= 9A ,!7)'4 %#>&4 9!>&; )!'4 !>(= >!>)A( 9&A= %!=*!')78 &9:!< =7>&)' !A=9 !=%%!:)>!<= &*!B='>) 7E!

H;<%);)9>&9: !HV 6!&984%8)'!;=&9>=&9 &9 : != !* &'> &9 A>!HU!>(74# : ( 4 # >!>()!=*d')78&9:!'#<<%,!A(=&9E!W47!

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4B!>()!HV6!HUE!

2()!B4%%4C&9:!')A>&49'!<748&*)!*)>=&%'!>4!A49'&*)7!C()9!=%'4!C47F&9:!C&>(!49)!4B!>()!&9&>&=>&8)'!%&'>)*!

=$48)E!

3.1 Implementing Playlists with VMAP

2()!H5I!3&*)4!P#%>&<%)!5*'!"%=,%&'>!?3P5"@!'<)A&B&A=>&49!)9=$%)'!A49>74%!4B!=*!&98)9>47,!B47!<=7>&)'!C(4!

;=,!)&>()7!4C9!47!*&'>7&$#>)!A49>)9>!$#>!*49c>!A49>74%!>()!8&*)4!<%=,)7E!5!8&*)4!<%=,)7!4C9)7!;=,!=%'4!

#')!3P5"!>4!<74:7=;!=*!$7)=F'!C&>(&9!>()!A49>)9>E!3562!A=9!'#<<%,!>()!=*'!$#>!A=994>!'<)A&B,!C()7)!

&9!>()!A4 9 >) 9> !>( ) !=* ' !'( 4 # %* !< %=, !4 7!C ( &A ( !=* ' != 9* !( 4 C !;=9,!'( 4 # %* !<%= , !&9 !=!' < )A &B&) * !=* !' < 4 >E !

\'&9:!3P5"!=*!$7)=F'!A=9!$)!*)B&9)*!=>!'<)A&B&A!>&;)'!C&>(&9!>()!A49>)9>!>&;)%&9)E!5*!$7)=F'!A=9!

'<)A&B,!C(&A(!>,<)!4B!=*'!=9*!(4C!;=9,!A=9!<%=,!&9!=9!=*!$7)=FE!

3P5"!&'!=9!H5I!'<)A&B&A=>&49!>(=>!&'!'#<<47>)*!&9*)<)9*)9>%,!4B!3562E!Z4C)8)7/!3P5"!C='!*)'&:9)*!>4!

'#<<47>!3562!7)'<49') '!='!<=7>!4B!>()!<%=,%&'>'!'<)A&B&)*!C&>(!3P5"E!!

! !

H9!:)9) 7= %/!3 5 62 != %4 9 ) !&'!' # BB&A &) 9 >!B47!')78&9:!8&*)4!=*'!C()9L!

• The ad serving party is denied control or doesn’t need control over the timing of ads within the video

content.

3P5"!'(4#%*!$)!A49'&*)7)*!C()9L!

• The ad serving party is granted control of ad inventory within the content. Typically, this party also

owns or produces the content but doesn’t control the video player.

• The ad serving party is allowed to prescribe the structure of the ad inventory within the content,

including the number and placement of ad opportunities, the number of ads per break, the type of ads

allowed, etc.

• The ad serving party cannot control the structure for inventory but is allowed to prescribe how the

inventory is to be used such as when allocating ad opportunity placement to specific advertisers.

• The publisher would like to use a more standard method for programming ad breaks rather than use its

own proprietary code.

]>()7!#')'!B47!3P5"!=7)!<%=#'&$%)E!"%)=')!A4%%=$47=>)!C&>(!8)9*47'!=9*!<=7>9)7'!>4!*)>)7;&9)!C()9!

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'(4#%*!A49'&*)7!B47;=>>&9:!>()&7!3562!=*!>=:'!=AA47*&9:%,E!W47!)R=; <%)/!=!3562!=*!"4*!=%%4C'!B47!=!

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5*!"4*!&'!(=9*%)*!;47)!:7=A)B#%%,!#'&9:!3P5"!$,!&9A%#*&9:!=!'>=9*d=%49)!Q49T&9)=7!=*!>(=>!A=9!$)!

')78)*!&9!=!3P5"!=*!$7)=F!B4%%4C&9:!=9!=*!$7)=F!'<)A&B&)*!B47!5*!"4* 'E!

W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49!49!3P5"/!<%)=')!8&'&>!(>><LMMCCCE&=$E9)>M8'#&>)M8;=<E!!

3.2 VAST and the Impression Exchange Solution (IES)

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=:)9A,!=*!')78)7'!47!4>()7!8)9*47!=*!')78)7'/!7)*#A) * !* & 'A 7) < = 9A,!7)'4 %# > &4 9 !> &;)/!=9* !< 7 4 ;<>!7)A ) &< >!

4B!<=,;)9>E!

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<#$%&'()7'!>74#$%)'(44>!=9,!*&'A7)<=9A&)'!C&>(!=*!')78&9:!','>);'E!

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;=&9>=&9)*!&9!>()!=*!')78&9:!\OH!='!&>!A&7A#%=>)'!>()!','>);E!!

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<=7>9)7'!>4!)9'#7)!>()!HV6!HU!&'!;=&9>=&9)*!&9!>()!3562!7)'<49')'!#')*!>4!')78)!8&*)4!=*'E!6<)A&B&A=%%,/!

&984%8)* !< =7 >&) '!' ( 4# %* !&* ) 9 >&B, !>( ) !9 =;)d8=%#)!<=&7!&9!=!>7=AF&9:!\OH!#')*!>4!&*)9>&B,!>()!HV6!HU!'4!>(=>!

'#<<47>&9:!<=7>&)'!A=9!%44F!B47!>(&'!8=%#)!&9!>()&7!','>);'!=9*!)9'#7)!>(),!'>=,!&9>=A>E!

W47!;47)!&9B47;=>&49!49!>()!H;<7)''&49!VRA(=9:)!64%#>&49/!<%)=')!8&'&>!

(>><LMMCCCE&=$E9)>M:#&*)%&9)'M&)'E!!!

4 Testing Protocols

2)'>&9:!,4#7!3562!&;<%);) 9 >= >&4 9 !&'!&;<47>=9 > !B47!';44>(!4<) 7=>&4 9!=9 * !&9>)74 <) 7=$ &%&>, E!2(&'!

*4A#;)9>!;=F)'!)8)7,!=>>);<>!>4!<748&*)!A%)=7!=9*!A4;<%)>)!)R<%=9=>&49'!4B!C(=>!9))*'!>4!$)!*49)!

>4!&;<%);) 9>!3 56 2E! S()AF&9:!*)>=&%'!C&>(&9!>(&'!*4A#;)9>!&'!>()!B&7'>!'>)<!>4!$#&%*&9:!35 6 2 dA4 ;< %&=9>!=*!

')78)7'!=9*!8&*)4!<%=,)7'E!!!

H5I!'#< < 4 7 >'!3 562!DE1!> )' >&9 : !$ , !%&'> &9 :!&9 * #'>7,d<748&*)*!7)'4#7A)'!B47!>)'>!8&*)4!<%=,)7'/!'=;<%)!3562!

>=:'!=9*!=!%&'>!4B!A49>= A>'!B47!B# 7>() 7!'#< <4 7>!49!&>'!C)$'&>)!=>!(>><LMMCCCE&=$E9)>M8'#&>)E!

4.1 Testing Protocols for Video Players

2)'>&9:!8&*)4!<%=,)7'!&984%8)'!;=F&9:!'#7)!>(=>!=*'!*&'<%=,!A477)A>%,!=9*!=%%!>7=AF&9:!)%);)9>'!=7)!')9>!

4#>!<74<)7%,E!O#99&9:!=!'=;<%)!3562!7)'<49')!>(74#:(!=9!&9*#'>7,d<748&*)*!7)B)7)9A)!<%=,)7/!8&*)4!

<#$%&'()7'!A=9!A4;<=7)!7)'#%>'!>4!>(4')!<74*#A)*!&9!>()&7!4C9!8&*)4!<%=,)7'E!

Z4C)8)7/!&9*#'>7,d<748&*)*!7)'4#7A)'!=7)!49%,!='!:44*!='!C(=>!&9*#'>7,!;);$)7'!'#<<%,E!

HB!,4#!C4#%*!%&F)!>4!4BB)7!=!>)'>!8&*)4!<%=,)7/!A49>=A>!=*>)A(94%4:,`&=$E9)>!=9*!<748&*)!>()!B4%%4C&9:!

&9B47;= >&4 9 L!

• A URI to a player that accepts arbitrary VAST responses

• The VAST formats supported

• Video player types supported (AS3, HTML5, etc.)

• VAST-compliance status

H9!47*) 7!>4 !4BB)7!=!7)B)7)9A)!<%=,)7/!,4#!;=,!9))*!>4!;))>!'4;)!4B!>()!B4%%4C&9:!A7&>)7&=L!

• Support all or most VAST Ad formats

• Support multiple Companion sizes and placements

• Offer messages to test users when impression and event tracking requests are sent

• Display helpful error messages

4.2 Testing Protocols for Ad Servers

5*!')78)7'!9))*!>4!)9'#7)!>(=>!>()&7!:)9)7=>)*!3562!^PT!&'!C)%%!B47;)*!=9*!A=9!$)!#9*)7'>44*!$,!=!

'>=9*=7*!3562!<%=,)7E!5*d')78&9:!47:=9&e=>&49'!'(4 #%*!8=%&*=>)!:)9)7=>)*!35 62!R; %!#'&9:!>()!^6U!

<748&*)*!=>!(>><LMMCCCE&=$E9)>M8'#&>)M8='>E!59!^6U!8=%&*=>&49!>44%!&'!9))*)*!>4!7#9!>()!8=%&*=>&49!#'&9:!

>()!H5I!^6 U !B&%) !B4 7!3562!DE 1E!

^6U!8=%&*=>&49!A=9!>)'>!>()!>)A(9&A=%!'4#9*9)''!4B!=9!^6U!B&%)/!$#>!=!3562!7)'<49')!;#'>!=%'4!)9'#7)!

>(=>!>()!:#&*)%&9)'!<748&*)*!&9!>(&'!*4A#;)9>!=7)!7)'<)A>)*E!

H9*#'>7 ,d<748&*)*!8&*)4!<%=,)7!>)'>)7'!=7)!4BB)7)*!='!=!7)'4#7A)!=>!(>><LMMCCCE&=$E9)>M8'#&>)M8='>E!

O)B)7)9A)!3562!^PT!A=9!=%'4!$)!B4#9*!49!>()!H5I!7)'4#7A)!<=:)!>4!'))!(4C!4>()7!=*!')78)7'!=7)!

:)9)7=>&9:!^PTE!

HB!,4#v*!%&F )!> 4 !4BB)7!,4#7!3562!^PT!49!>()!7)'4#7A)!<=:)/!A49>=A>!=*>)A(94%4:,`&=$E9)>!=9*!<748&*)!

>()!B4%%4C&9:!&9B4 7; =>&49 L!

• A URI to your ad server which serves the VAST XML

• The VAST Ad format used

• The technology in which the creative can be played (AS3, HTML5, etc.)

• Your ad server’s VAST-compliance status

H9!47*) 7!>4 !4BB)7!'=;<%)!356 2!^P T/!,4 #!;=,!9))*!>4!;))>!'4;)!4B!>()!B4%%4C&9:!A7&>)7&=L!

• VAST responses that are common or important in the industry

• An explanation of the expected results when the VAST response is executed successfully

5 Migration from VAST 2.0 to 3.0

2()!&9>)9>!4B!>(&'!')A>&49!&'!>4!<748&* )!: # &* =9 A ) !>4 !8&*)4!<%=,)7!=9*!=*!')78)7!<748&*)7'!49!(4C!>4!

(=9*%)!>()!;&:7=>&49!B74;!3562!0E1!>4!3562!DE1/!&9A%#*&9:!C(=>!>4!*4!47!)R<)A>!C()9!>()!&9*#'>7,!

&9A%#*)' !=!;&R!4B!0E1!=9*!DE1!A=<=$%)!>)A(94%4:&)'E!W47!)R=;<%)L!

5&0+<-$%+<%Z.&!-+(#,'1'83!0+,&'<%H!

• VAST 2.0 ads should continue to run across ad networks and player technologies. The ad networks

and players are required to be backward compatible with VAST 2.0 as they add support for VAST 3.0.

• All new ad investments should be based on VAST 3.0, even if the new functionality provided in VAST

3.0 is not required. While IAB provides no recommended time period for VAST 2.0 backward

compatibility, over time the industry will eventually stop supporting VAST 2.0.

• VAST 3.0-based ads may run on VAST 2.0 networks and players, provided that video players and

networks don’t have a strict version match policy. Only VAST 2.0 functionality in a VAST 3.0 response

can be supported.

• If VAST 3.0 responses include new functionality, one of the following steps must be taken:

o Negotiate and implement a mechanism to ensure that VAST 3.0 ads are only served using

VAST 3.0-capable ad networks into VAST 3.0-capable player.

o Design VAST ads to offer a creative that can render well in a VAST 2.0 video player,

expecting that all VAST 3.0 specific functionality will be ignored. Prepare to handle any

performance, metric, or other discrepancies caused by a mix of VAST 3.0 and VAST 2.0

implementations.

5&!%+<0+<%Z,+-;'<P%H!

• Ad networks that add support for VAST 3.0 should also continue to support VAST 2.0.

• Ad network that supports VAST 2.0 and do not immediately plan to add support for VAST 3.0 should

modify systems to recognize a version check that returns “3.0” and allow these responses to be served.

Support for any other VAST 3.0 functionality is not necessary.

• If asked for a specific version of the ad XML, the network server can decide whether to only serve the

ads which were originally booked with the matching ad XML version or map the other version to the

version asked for by the player. For example:

o If the publisher player asks for only VAST 2.0, the network can restrict the ad selection to the

ads that were booked with VAST 2.0. Alternately, the ad network can select a VAST 3.0 but

will have to map (with loss of functionality) the XML to VAST 2.0 before sending the response.

The ad network can choose to do the mapping offline, and book both VAST 2.0 and VAST 3.0

versions of the ad XML, or do the mapping at serve time.

o Similarly, if the publisher player asks for only VAST 3.0, the network can restrict the ad

selection to the ads that were booked with VAST 3.0. Alternately, the ad network can select a

VAST 2.0 but will have to map the XML to VAST 3.0 before sending the response.

• The exact mechanism by which an ad network exposes the ability to ask for a specific VAST XML

version by the player is out of scope of this document.

9$&+'!J1.3+<%H!

• Video players that add support for VAST 3.0 should also support VAST 2.0.

• Video players that support VAST 2.0 and do not immediately plan to add support for VAST 3.0 should

do one of the following:

o Negotiate with ad network(s) to make ensure that you only receive VAST 2.0 responses. This

may or may not require change to the player code.

o Test your player to make sure that it can accept VAST 3.0 ads and render them at the VAST

2.0 functionality level.

! !

6 Human Readable VAST XML Schema

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MS7)>&8)VR>)9'&49'!

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MT&9)=7!

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M5*"=7=;)>)7'!

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MP)*&=W&%)'!

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MP)*&=W&%)!

&*/!*)%&8)7, /!>,< ) /!$ &>7= >) /!

;&9I&>7=>)/!;=RI&>7=>)/!C&*>(/!

()&:(>/!'A=%=$%)/!

;=9>=&95'<)A>O=>&4/!A4*)A/!

=<&W7=;)C47F!!

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=<&W7=;)C47F!

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Y)'k!

MHA49S %&A F '!

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=!<=7)9>!)%);)9>!&'!#')*E!H9!>()!A=')!4B!H9%&9)!A7)=>&8)/!=>!%)='>!49!)%);)9>!4B!)&>()7!T&9)=7/!

Q49T&9)=75*'/!47!S4; < = 9 &495*'!& '!7 ) f # &7) *E!

M3&*)4S%&AF'!

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,"4'&>&49/!*#7=>&49/!4BB')>/!

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=*6%4>HU!

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7 VAST Terminology

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>(&'!*4A#;) 9>E!!

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=*!'<4>'!49!23E!

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=*!A=9!=%'4!$)!=!'F&9!>(=>!C7=<'!>()!8&*)4!)R<)7&)9A)E!

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G$,+.<!5&H!T&9)=7!=*'!=7)!%&F)!23!A4;;)7A&=%'!=9*!A=9!=<<)=7!$)B47)!>()!A49>)9>!8&*)4!<%=,'!?<7)d74%%@/!

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